Introduction to embedded systems and realtime systemsIntroduction to Realtime Systems & Embedded SystemsThe course will enable you to:For embedded systems it will enable you toExample real-time and embedded systemsLets discuss some realtime system (RTS) characteristicsRealtime CharacteristicsRealtime Characteristics (contd.)Embedded SystemReal-time system conceptsReal-time system concepts (contd.)Regular Computer SystemEmbedded SystemsThe Number Game (1)The Number Game (2)The Number Game (4)The Number Game (8)The Number Game (16)AnalysisSlide 20Summary01/15/19 1Introduction to embedded systems and realtime systemsB. RamamurthyCSE321This course is partially supported National Science Foundation NSF DUE Grant: 073724301/15/19 2Introduction to Realtime Systems & Embedded SystemsB. RamamurthyCSE321This course is partially supported National Science Foundation NSF DUE Grant: 073724301/15/19 3The course will enable you to:Identify the unique characteristics of real-time systems Explain the general structure of a real-time system Define the unique design problems and challenges of real-time systems Apply real-time systems design techniques to various software programs.01/15/19 4For embedded systems it will enable you toUnderstand the basics of an embedded systemProgram an embedded systemDesign, implement and test an embedded system.Ex: realtime + embedded : games on a Gameboy or arcade gamesEx: realtime: Tetris on a laptop01/15/19 5Example real-time and embedded systemsDomain ApplicationAvionics Navigation; displaysMultimedia Games; simulatorsMedicine Robot surgery; remote surgery; medical imagingIndustrial systems Robot assembly lines; automated inspectionCivilian Elevator controlAutomotive system; Global positioning system (GPS)01/15/19 6Lets discuss some realtime system (RTS) characteristics01/15/19 7Realtime CharacteristicsRTS have to respond to events in a certain pre-detemined amount of time.The time constraints have to be considered during planning, design, implementation and testing phases.Internal failures due to software and hardware fault have be handled satisfactorily.You cannot simply pop-up a dialog error box that says “send report” or “don’t send report”.Also external failures due to outside sources need to be handled.01/15/19 8Realtime Characteristics (contd.)Typical interaction in an RTS is asynchronous. Thus an RTS should have features to handle asynchronous events such as interrupt handlers and dispatcher and associated resources.Potential for race condition: when state of resources are timing dependent race condition may occur.Periodic tasks are common.01/15/19 9Embedded SystemIs a special purpose system designed to perform a few dedicated functions.Small foot prints (in memory)Highly optimized codeCell phones, mp3 players are examples.The components in an mp3 player are highly optimized for storage operations. (For example, no need to have a floating point operation on an mp3 player!)01/15/19 10Real-time system conceptsA system is a mapping of a set of input into a set of outputs.A digital camera is an example of a realtime system: set of input including sensors and imaging devices producing control signals and display information.Realtime system can be viewed as a sequence of job to be scheduled.Time between presentation of a set of inputs to a system and the realization of the required behavior, including availability of all associated outputs, is called the response time of the system.01/15/19 11Real-time system concepts (contd.)Real-time system is the one in which logical correctness is based on both the correctness of the output as well as their timeliness.A soft real-time system is one in which performance is degraded by failure to meet response-time constraints.A hard real-time system is one in which failure to meet a single deadline may lead to complete and catastrophic failure.More examples:Automatic teller: softRobot vacuum cleaner: firmMissile delivery system: hard01/15/19 12Regular Computer System“From Minimalist”: STIR-FRIED CHICKEN WITH CREAMED CORN Time: 20 minutes 1 pound boneless chicken (breasts or thighs), in 1/2-inch chunks 2 tablespoons soy sauce 1 teaspoon sesame oil 1 tablespoon sherry, rice wine, sake or white wine 2 tablespoons peanut oil or another neutral oil, like corn or grape seed 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 tablespoon minced ginger 1 small chili, seeds and stems removed, minced (or dried red chili flakes to taste) 1 15-ounce can creamed corn 1 cup corn kernels (fresh, frozen or canned) Chopped cilantro leaves for garnish. 1. In a small bowl, mix the chicken with the soy sauce, the sesame oil and the wine. Put the peanut oil into a deep skillet or wok, preferably nonstick, and turn heat to high. Drain chicken. When oil is hot, add chicken to skillet, and cook, undisturbed, until bottom browns, about 2 minutes. Stir once or twice, and cook 2 minutes longer. Turn the heat down to medium-low. 2. Add the garlic, the ginger and the chili to the skillet, and stir; 15 seconds later, add the creamed corn and the corn kernels. Cook, stirring occasionally, until heated through, 3 or 4 minutes. Garnish, and serve over white rice. DataAlgorithmProgramHardware01/15/19 13Embedded Systems01/15/19 14The Number Game (1)1 3 5 79 11 13 1517 19 21 2325 27 29 3101/15/19 15The Number Game (2)2 3 6 710 11 14 1518 19 22 2326 27 30 3101/15/19 16The Number Game (4)4 5 6 712 13 14 1520 21 22 2328 29 30 3101/15/19 17The Number Game (8)8 9 10 1112 13 14 1524 25 26 2728 29 30 3101/15/19 18The Number Game (16)16 17 18 1920 21 22 2324 25 26 2728 29 30 3101/15/19 19Analysis What is theory /concept behind this game?How did I arrive at the number you guessed?How can I automate this process?What is the data and what is the algorithm?How can we convey these to a computing machine?While a computer talks binary, we humans write programs in languages such as Java, C#, C++, Basic etc.Binary numbers (1’s and 0’s) is the number system used by the computer systems.We humans use decimal number system that has 10 distinct symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)Your task: Write a C program to computerize this game.01/15/19 201 3 5 79 11 13 1517 19 21 2325 27 29 312 3 6 710 11 14 1518 19 22 2326 27 30 3116 17 18 1920 21 22 2324 25 26 2728 29 30 314 5 6 712 13 14 1520 21 22 2328 29 30 318 9 10 1112 13 14 1524 25 26
View Full Document
Unlocking...