ENTO 322 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Collection TypesII. Museum Insect CollectionsIII. Internationally Shipped SpecimensIV. Other InformationV. Insect Museum at Texas A&M UniversityOutline of Current LectureI. Collection EquipmentII. Insect PreservationIII. Preservation LabelsIV. Special Insect PermitsCurrent LectureI. Special equipment is used to capture and preserve insects A. Equipment can be simple or highly specializedi. Nets (types)1. Aerial: open in the mouth, must do Aggie flip; mesh material2. Sweep: made out of canvas; cannot see what you have in the net; must turn inside out to collect specimens3. Aquatic (D-Net): shaped like a D, has open screen at bottomii. Beating sheets – piece of fabric on a frame; catching mechanism; can put a flashlight behind them at night to attract insectsiii. Suction traps – electric trap, has a little black light and a mini vacuum cleaner; the insects that are attracted to the light will be exposed to the vacuum which will suck them down to the bottom of the net; some traps have chambers at the top where you use dry ice to produce Carbon Dioxide for blood feeding insects iv. Killing jars – container with paper towels or cotton balls to absorb the acetonev. Spreaders/dryers – commonly used on butterflies; made out of wood; adjust it the body width of the insect and use paper to hold out the wingsand let them dry out for a few daysvi. Envelopes – way of separation when collecting insectsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.vii. Aspirators & other equipment – form a vacuum to suck tiny insects into a small vialviii. Berlese funnels – bucket, funnel, screen wire inside funnel; fill the funnel with leaf litter, the top has a light bulb; many insects will move away from the light & heat down to the bottom and fall into the bucketix. Drags – pieces of felt and drag it along the ground; many arthropods are waiting for something furry to come along to jump on and explore their new hostx. OthersB. Precautions should be taken when collecting to avoid injuryi. Forceps – to avoid being bitten or stungii. First aid – should contain Cortezone to stop itching, having meat tenderizer is handy because it will dissolve toxins, cold pack etc.iii. Medications – bring your own if you know you are allergic to insect bites/stingsII. Insect preservationA. Pinsi. Block – piece of wood to help position insects and labelsii. Position – upper right dorsum B. Points – put glue on the tip of point and put inside on there; make sure it’s soluble glue incase changes need to be made; used for tiny insectsC. Alcohol – 70%D. Mounts – used to display insectsE. Scavenger protection – freeze them or use moth balls III. Preservation labelsa. Required for useful collections i. Maximum size of label is ½” x 1” and points are 1/8” x ¼”b. First labeli. Location (specific)ii. Date (day, month, year)iii. Collector’s namec. Second labeli. Subphylumii. Classiii. Orderiv. SuborderIV. Special insect permitsa. Endangered Species Act (USA 1973)i. US Department of the Interior – Fish and Wildlife Serviceii. Federal Register – online newspaper that published the new laws and regulations b. International Union for Conservation of Nature and National Resources (IUCN)i. Extinct (EX) – not seen in the last 50 yearsii. Endangered (E) – in danger of extinction, but have been sighted in the last50 yearsiii. Vulnerable (V) – most likely to be moved to the Endangered statusiv. Rare (R) – small working population that are vulnerablev. Indeterminate (I) – not enough information to determine statusc. Species removed from the Endangered Species listi. American Bald Eagleii. Pelicansd. Texas Endangered Species (TX 1973)i. Texas Parks and Wildlife – enforce the lawse. Possible misuse of Endangered Species Lawsi. Personal agenda1. Wal-Mart example in San Antonio was prohibited from being built because the found an endangered species of crickets on the construction siteii. Political issues1. Tooth crest spidersiii. Private land ownership and use vs. public good1. A man in 1975 was prohibited from using parts of his own land because they had found endangered moth species in the area f. Foreign exploration and traveli. Make sure you have the appropriate permitsii. Know the countries laws before purchasing