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TAMU HIST 106 - FDR and The First New Deal
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HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture For the next few lectures, we’re going to keep playing catch up. We’ll begin by finishing up the lecture on THE GREAT HUMANITARIAN AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION. Then we’ll get started on the lecture on FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE FIRST NEW DEAL.LECTURE OUTLINE FORTHE GREAT HUMANITARIAN AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION• Hoover and Republican Dominance in the 1920sEmphasis on Small GovernmentPeriodic Corruption Scandals• The Great HumanitarianHoover and Humanitarian AidGovernment Works for Business• Crash and Crisis• Hoover’s ResponseWho Did He Blame?What Did He Do? What Did He Not Do?• Depression and DesperationNational TrendsImpact on FamiliesResistanceRevolution?LECTURE OUTLINE FORFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE FIRST NEW DEAL• 1932 Election and Interregnum• The First Hundred DaysReliefRecoveryReformOutline of Current Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FORFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT AND THE FIRST NEW DEAL• 1932 Election and Interregnum• The First Hundred DaysReliefRecoveryReformCurrent Lecture• 1932 Election and Interregnum1) The First Hundred Daysa) Relief- programs designed to provide immediate helpi) Immediate aid to peopleii) Wanted to help banks(1) Proclaimed 4 day bank holiday(a) Banks had to close(b) People couldn’t draw their money out(c) Stopped shut down (2) Calls congress together and pushes emergency banking act(a) All banks had to be inspected before they could reopen(b) Federal government would assist and reorganize some(3) Fire side chat(a) Told people to go to banks and make deposits(i) Assured it was safest place for money(ii) Showed government support(4) Banks reopen(a) Deposits outnumber withdrawalsiii) Beer-wine revenue act(1) Said there were more things the government should be worried about then fighting organized crime(2) Taxes could bring in more revenue than banning alcohol (prohibition)(3) 21st amendment(a) Repeals 18th amendment(b) Ends prohibition on a federal level, states can still enact it thoughiv) Wants to halt massive unemployment(1) Opposed direct charity on principle, but decided it was a necessary temporary principle(2) Congress passes (FERA) Federal Emergency Relief Administration(a) Gave 500 million in federal dollars to states(b) States were supposed to use money within borders as they saw fit(i) Many opposed just giving cash handouts(ii) Wanted to work vs just getting money(c) Provided food and provisions to needyv) Civilian conservation Corps (CCC)(1) Provide jobs(2) Conserve America’s natural resources(3) Hired young unmarried men between 17-25 to undertake conservation project(a) Signed up for 6 months to live in CCC camp (i) Were given room and board and a stipend that they were required to send home(4) Excluded women(5) Camps were segregated vi) Civil Works Administration (CWA)(1) Variety of short jobs designed to get people through the winter (a) Primarily focused on building infrastructure (roads, bridges, schools, etc)vii) Common ideas in relief efforts(1) Shared belief in value of work(2) Aimed at building nation’s infrastructure(3) Wanted to put money in people’s pocket so that the economy would be boostedb) Recovery- programs helping economy to recoveri) Emphasizes on restoring through private industryii) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)(1) Established National Recovery Administration (NRA)(a) Brought together companies from competing industry(b) Leaders drafted laws and codes for industry(i) Intended to create fair competition and worker’s rights to join unions(c) Established minimum wages and max hours(d) Intended to reduce tension between bosses and employers(e) Industry that followed these codes could post signs with the blue eagle and American’s were encouraged to only support these businesses(f) Hoped to jump start employment and increase purchasing poweriii) Public Works Administration(1) Gave private industry 3 billion dollars to construct public works (public facilities such as airports, hospitals, schools, churches, etc)(2) Built thousands of roads, schools, and sewage lines(3) Many still used todayiv) Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)(1) Intended to help farmers make more money by restricting production in order to reduce supply(2) Administration paid farmers to NOT grow crops(a) Received 30 cents for every bushel of corn they didn’t grow(b) By the time act was passed, season had already started so they paid farmers to kill crops and extra animals (wasteful)(3) Prices of crops tripled(4) Incomes doubled(5) Controversial idea and received much outrage(6) Only landowners got paid(a) This hurt share croppers as most would just pocket the money(b) Needed fewer sharecroppers as more fields weren’t supposed to be used v) Recovery programs designed to stimulate production, get people to work long-term, and raise


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TAMU HIST 106 - FDR and The First New Deal

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