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GSU ASTR 1010 - Motions, Coordination Systems

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ASTR 1010 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. The History of the UniverseII. Spaceship EarthOutline of Current LectureI. Patterns in the Night SkyA. DefinitionsB. DiagramII. The Local SkyA. DefinitionsB. DiagramCurrent LectureI. Patterns in the Night SkyA. Definitions1. Constellation: region of the sky with well-defined borders. Every point in the sky belongs to some form of constellation.2. Celestial Sphere: an imaginary sphere of which the observer is the center and on which all celestial objects are considered to lie.3. North Celestial Pole: the pole directly over Earth’s North Pole.4. South Celestial Pole: the point directly over Earth’s South Pole.5. Celestial Equator: a projection of Earth’s equator into space that makes a complete circle around the celestial sphere.6. Ecliptic: the path the sun follows as it appears to circle around the celestial sphere. Itcrosses the celestial equator at 23 ½ ˚ angle due to the tilt of Earth on its axis.B. DiagramII. The Local SkyThe local sky is the sky seen from wherever the observer happens to be standing. From where we stand on Earth, the local sky looks like a dome or hemisphere.A. Definitions1. From wherever you are standing, perpendicular to the ground and directly upward in the sky, is the zenith. 2. The Meridian is a North South arch that passes through the zenith and connects the north and south celestial poles.3. Stars near the north celestial pole are circumpolar, meaning they remain perpetuallyabove the horizon, circling counter-clockwise around the north celestial pole. Circumpolar stars on the south celestial pole never rise above the horizon each day.B.


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