Phil 252 Exam ReviewExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 6Identification of Important Terms and Theories:Four Features of a Competent Moral Judge: 1. Intelligence2. Adequate knowledge of the situation3. Willing to engage and to deliberate on your moral capacities4. Sensitive to any biases you may have5. Willing to put yourself in other peoples shoes6. Willing to give reason for moral judgment Four Features of a Considered Moral Belief:1. Exercise your moral capacities2. There will be no punishment or benefit from your belief 3. Careful inquiry into the facts4. Made with some confidence without much hesitationGood in itself:One thing and one thing only is good in itself and that is happiness/pleasure.Hedonism: Is the pleasure in the absence of pain. Four ways in which pleasure can differ with one another (including a description of what these differences are): Intensity: some pleasures are stronger than others, example accomplishing a goal vs. finishing homeworkProximity: some pleasures have long term or short-term pleasure, example graduating from a good college vs. a partyFecundity: some pleasures increase or decrease over time, example a loving marriage vs. a bad relationshipPurity: some pleasures are more pure than others, example being loved by a parent vs. loving an exQuality: some pleasures are higher pleasures (call upon higher levels of thinking, example listening go classical music) vs. lower pleasures (call upon basic pleasures, example eating)Experience Machine:The project that gave people the option to opt into a program that would give them all of theirdesires. The catch is that it is all a computer program and non of it is real, however, once in the program you believe it is real. The idea was to see if people would choose to have everything they have ever wanted with no “pain”, even if it was all essentially fake. Utilitarianism:A Moral Theory, which states that an act is right if it produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number. Humanity (according to Kant):Humanity defined as having rational natureFormula of Humanity (according to Kant):Says to treat oneself and others always as an end in itself never as a means. Dignity:Objectively valuable, above all price, without equivalents, cannot be traded off. Price:Things that can be traded for their equivalent or something of equivalent value.Four Features of a Virtue:1. What one does2. How one feels3. In the right circumstances4. Motivated by the Virtue Doctrine of double effect: States that it is absolutely and always wrong to intentionally kill innocent people, and that it is absolutely and always wrong to kill innocent people as a side