POLI SCI 106 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Comparative PoliticsIII. Key ConceptsIV. The StateV. Definition: The StateVI. Polity, Politics, and PolicyVII. "Requisite Functions" of the StateVIII. State -Society RelationsIX. Normative Views of the StateX. State TodayXI. The "Inevitable" State?Outline of Current Lecture - The State and Democracy II1. States vs. Nations2. Challenges to the State3. National Identity4. Nationalism5. Nationalism vs. Patriotism6. National Self-Determination7. Why Do People Accept Authority?8. Legitimacy9. The Political System10. Constitutions11. Constitutions and PowerCurrent LectureThe State and Democracy IIStates vs. Nations - - Nation (social, cultural concept) - group of people who feel strong affinity for each other-common aspirations, especially self-government, sovereignty- Nation-state - area with...-territorial boundaries of single state-citizenry who share primary national identity-very few exist, many are multiculturalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Ethnolinguistic-Fractionalization-2 people randomly meet, different linguistic background-greater probability of this happening suggests diversity-ranges from a score of 0 to 1 usually-closer to 0 means more homogeneous country- Contradiction between state and nation can cause violence- Separation into Pakistan and India caused much bloodshed-two states are still in conflict with each other-intrastate conflict over region they both claim as their own- Political violence between Hindus and Muslims in IndiaChallenges to the State - - Ethnic, religious, regional conflict-Ex. Belgian conflict, nonviolent- Increasing heterogeneity of societies - Globalization- Regional integration/supranational governanceNational Identity - - referendum of Scotland seceding from the UK- despite challenges: modern state = resilient, stable- important pillar: national identity-based on concept of nation-usually derived from ethnic identity-attributes that make a group culturally distinct-based on customs, language, religion, etc.-not inherently political-national identity = inherently political -basis for nationalismNationalism - - the "nation" is an important part of one's identity- nation = worthy of pride and personal sacrifice- powerful commitment to advancement of one's nation's interests and welfare- movement of collective protest and self-assertion- aimed at existing distribution of power within and between states- often paired with disregards for concerns of outsiders- one of the most powerful social and political forces- patriotism is more pride rather than superiority over others (nationalism)Nationalism vs. Patriotism - - Nationalism - devotion to the interest or culture of one's nation; can be about chauvinistic arrogance and desire for dominance- Patriotism - about ethics, law, devotion to the common good-pride in one's country-not superiorityNational Self-Determination -- Principle that nation-state is the only legitimate form of political organization- Nations have right to their own independent nation-state- Nation-state has the right to include the whole nation- In conflict with territorial integrity?- Principle = universally recognized- Often difficult to apply- Very few ethnic communities have obtained nation-states of their own- Assertion can lead to war (Ex. Russian-Ukrainian conflict)Why Do People Accept Authority? - - national identity- law- tradition- charisma- social contract- socialization- individual utility- fear of sanctionLegitimacy: Max Weber - - Weber's 3 Forms of Legitimacy1) traditional - "it has always been that way"-history, continuity2) charismatic - revolves around individual(s) who represent certain ideas-less institutionalized, more tenuous3) rational-legal - institutionalized laws and procedures-legitimacy of modern state = rational legalLegitimacy: Fritz Scharpf - - Input legitimacy - citizens believe that political authority is properly constituted and exercised-political choices are legitimate because they reflect "will of the people"- Output legitimacy - citizens view political choices as legitimate because they produce desirable results-choices are legitimate because they promote welfare of the people- Need a balance of bothThe Political System - - complete set of institutions that structure political processes in a polity, such as the state- Easter (1965) - an "input-output" system- converts inputs into outputs- political, economic, social inputs-political system conversion to outputs-feedback loopConstitutions - - outlines the formal rules for collective political decision-making- define political system- define areas subject to collective decision-making- define relationship between state, society, and individual- prescribe rights of citizens- define relationship between its institutionsConstitutions and Power - - constitutions outline power relationships within state-shaped by political and historical context- constitutions not neutral-advantage some political interests and actors, disadvantage