PSY-101 1st EditionLecture 6Outline of Last LectureI. The Experimental Method II. Sources of BiasIII. Ethical Provisions that MUST be followedOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to Neuroscience and BehaviorII. How Neurons Communicate III. Summary of Important NeurotransmittersCurrent LectureI. Introduction to Neuroscience and Behaviora. Dendrites- receive informationb. Axon- carries information to other neuronsc. Glial Cellsi. Glial cells outnumber neurons 10 to 1.ii. Sticky, glue-likeiii. Support cells that assist neurons by:1. Providing structural support and nutrition2. Removal of cell waste3. Manufacturing myeliniv. Three types of Glial Ccells:1. Astrocytes- provide connections between neurons and bloodvessels2. Microglia- remove waste products from the nervous system3. Oligodendrocytes (brain), Schwann cells- form myelin sheathd. Myelin- insulating layer of fatty material composed of glial cellsi. Helps efficient transmission of signals to other cellrsii. Gaps in myelin sheath are Nodes of Ranvier.II. How Neurons Communicatea. Neurons communicate by means of an electrical signal called the actionpotential.i. Action potentials are based on the movements of ions between theoutside and inside of the cell.ii. When an action potential occurs, a molecular message is sent toneighboring neurons.iii. When a cell is not firing, it is in resting potential.III. Summary of Important Neurotransmittersa. Acetylcholinei. Primary Roles: learning, memory, muscle contractionsii. Associate Disorders: Alzheimer’s diseaseb. Domaminei. Primary Roles: movement, thought processes, rewarding sensationsii. Associated Disorders: Parkinson’s disease, Schizophrenia, Addiction, drugabusec. Serotonini. Primary Roles: Emotional states, sleep, sensory perceptionii. Associated Disorders: Major depressive disorderd. Norepinephrinei. Primary Roles: Physical arousal, learning, memory, regulation of sleepii. Associate Disorders: stress, major depressive disordere. GABAi. Primary Roles: Inhibition of brain activityii. Associated disorders: anxiety disordersf. Endorphinsi. Primary Roles: Pain perception, positive emotionsii. Associated disorders: opiate
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