POLS 2311 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12Lecture 1 (August 22)Logic Chapter 1 Review (Page #’s next to where I believe I found the answers, be sure to double check and see if I happen to be wrong.) 1. The idea that “social choices breed conflict” is especially true:a. when unitary political actors such as kings or dictators make policy decisionsb. when voters are ambivalent about policyc. when the choices involve issues that affect the political parties’ core constituencies (Pg.2)d. immediately after elections2. Which of the following is a good formal definition of politics:a. a controlled study of the impact of an independent variable on a dependent variableb. the process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course of common action even as they continue to disagree on the goals of the action (Pg. 3)c. any system where the governed make all important decisions regarding governanced. a two-party system that governs nationally3. An example of collective action is which of the following:a. parents and a teenager negotiate over the use of the family carb. a boss and an employee haggle over payc. organized crime families jockey over turf for illegal activityd. all of the above ( Pg. 3) 4. Politics occurs whenever a solution to a problem requires cooperation even when that cooperation is, which of the following:a. achieved through force aloneb. costly or difficult (Pg. 3) c. irrelevant to the success of the course of actiond. already what everyone agrees upon5. Successful politics almost always requires which of the following:a. cheating the other sideb. lying and misrepresentationc. imposing one’s will on the opponentd. bargaining and compromise (Pg. 4) 6. The fear that a party to a political negotiation may renege on or fail to abide by any agreement may lead to which of the following:a. a quick and mutually acceptable resolutionb. a clear agreement enforced only through the good faith and trust of the partiesc. war as the preferred alternative (Pg. 5) d. a complete capitulation by one side on all issues7. Political institutions include which of the following: a. a set of rules prescribing a political process for reaching and enforcing collective agreements (Pg.5)b. the places where the former Yugoslav government put dissidentsc. training centers for party operatives and campaign workersd. the official buildings where government employees work8. Without rules and procedures for promoting successful collective action, as participants and preferences multiply:a. government grows more efficientb. broadly acceptable collective decisions are made more rapidly c. unstructured negotiation rarely yields a collective decision all parties can accept (Pg. 4) d. the institutions of governance become less important9. To say we regard preferences as “givens” means which of the following:a. individuals and groups know what they want ( Pg. 4) b. those who create institutions impose or give preferences to othersc. individuals and groups always disclose their preferencesd. preferences in society are easily reconciled10. The statement “War is politics by other means” suggests which of the following:a. war happens when the bargaining of politics fails (Pg. 5) b. war is no different from an election because the outcome is driven by the consent of the governedc. political disputes are like wars because no rules can ever apply to those contestsd. the ends justify the means11. All organizations are governed by rules and procedures:a. that are very difficult to changeb. that rarely impact the actual decisions made by those organizationsc. for the resolution of contested electionsd. for making and enforcing decisions (Pg. 6) 12. Constitutions, charters, and bylaws all serve which of the following purposes:a. inhibiting the whims of the majorityb. resolving every conceivable conflict in an organizationc. guiding the organization's members in making essentially political decisions (Pg.6) d. avoiding any disputes that could ever arise in any political decision-making process13. Because of the large size of populations and the complexity of the issues to be resolved, the degree of success populations in nations have in politics depends largely on which of the following:a. whether they are capable of engaging in politics on a day-to-day basisb. whether they have developed constitutions and governments that work (Pg. 6) c. whether they pay absolutely no attention to their nation's politicsd. whether they fail to be interested in policy in a meaningful way14. Which of the following is true of the constitution of a nation:a. it is always writtenb. it is divinely inspired and theologically groundedc. it creates the governing institutions and the set of rules prescribing the political process these institutions must follow to reach and enforce collective agreements (Pg. 6) d. it creates barriers to collective agreements so as to ensure that the political process does not getcaptured by special interests15. The U.S. Constitution was intended to do which of the following:a. permanently advantage some economic interests over othersb. rarely impact the actual decisions made by governmentc. resolve a contested election that occurred under the Articles of Confederationd. reassure diverse interests that they would be better off under the new systemLecture 2 (August 24) 16. Which of the following is a formal definition of a government:a. those institutions created by a constitution and the legally prescribed process for making and enforcing collective agreements (Pg. 7) b. only those systems that elect a prime minister and parliamentc. only those systems that elect a president and congressd. any institution that relies on force to implement its decisions17. Government institutions consist of which of the following:a. only well-known popular iconsb. the mechanisms through which revolutions are always plannedc. the rules of government that exist apart from the roles of governmentd. offices that confer on their occupants specific authority and responsibilities (Pg. 7) 18. The difference between authority and power is which of the following:a. authority is the right to make a particular decision and power is the actual influence the institution has over that action (Pg. 7) b. authority is seized and power is givenc. there is no difference; they are perfectly interchangeabled. power describes the formal parameters of influence while authority describes the informal