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CSU CHEM 113 - Catalysis

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CHEM 113 9/15 Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. More practice of reaction mechanisms.Outline of Current Lecture II. Catalystsa. Homogenousb. Heterogeneousc. EnzymesCurrent Lecture16.7: Catalysis: Speeding up a Reaction- Catalyst increases the reaction rate without itself being consumes in the reaction.o It generally provides a different reaction pathway with lower total activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction.o It speeds up the forward reaction as well as the reverse reaction.o However, it does not affect the change in H, because the actual difference in energy is still the same.  It’s like saying 6-4=2 and 4-2=2 The difference is still the same, you are just working with different values.- Homogeneous catalysiso A homogeneous catalysis exists in solution with the reaction, therefore it must bein the same phase as the reactant.- Heterogeneous catalysiso A heterogeneous catalysis speeds up a reaction in a different phase from the reactants. These are usually a solid catalyst and gas or solution reactant. The reaction happens on the surface of the catalyst.- Metals catalyze by chemically absorbing the reactants onto their surface.- Enzymeso Enzymes are protein catalyst.o They behave like both types of catalysts.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. An enzyme provides a surface on which one reactant is temporarily immobilized to wait until the other reactant lands nearby, like heterogeneous catalysts. The active site groups (where the substrate binds) interact with the substrate(s) in multistep sequences in the presence of solvent and other species, like many homogenous catalysts.o They are incredibly efficient in terms of the number of reactions catalyzed per unit time.o They are also very specific to the reaction they are catalyzing.o Models of enzyme reaction. Lock and Key model- This model visualizes the enzyme active site having a fixed shape. The shape matches the shape of its substrate(s). The active site is therefore specific to its substrates.  Induced-fit model- This model visualizes the enzyme active site changing shape in order to bind its substrate(s) more effectively. The active site is stillselective towards certain


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CSU CHEM 113 - Catalysis

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