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TAMU PSYC 330 - Validity of Measures
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Validity of MeasuresRefers to whether or not the measurement is accurateTypes:“face”: does it look like it measures what its supposed tohas nothing to do with whether a measure is accuratenot important in determining accuracyContent ValidityMeasure provides a representative sampling of what is being measuredSampling across the full range of what you’re trying to measureDoes it measure what its supposed to measureCriterion –Related ValidityMeasure score is related to a criterion that represents the measurePredictive: related to the futureTaking the SAT, predicts if you’re going to be a good college studentTaking a test to see if you’ll be a good copNFL and predictive screenings of playersConcurrent (sensitivity/specificity): related to the presentResults given the present, is it related to a criterion that exists right nowAntecedent: related to the pastAssessing the criteria of a criminal at the time of the crimeAssessing cognitive function before an accidentConstruct ValidityAre we confident the measure a good indicator of the construct?Intelligence is an example of constructConvergent : is measure related to other things that are trying to be measured?Bad Convergent: you don’t get relationships you should be gettingDiscriminant: are we certain the measure isn’t measuring something else?It isn’t measuring something you didn’t want it to measureBad Discriminant: Get relationships you shouldn’t be gettingAssessment StrategiesSelf reportWhat someone says about themselvesProsIts easy to measureAdministration is simple (can be given in person or over the Web)Scoring is easy, b/c there is a finite number of options to choose from & reliableWho would know more about yourself than you?ConsJust b/c someone says they are a certain way doesn’t mean they areThere are things that you aren’t aware about yourselfb/c the number of responses are finite, it restricts responses b/c people can’t elaborateProjective MethodsProvide someone with an ambiguous situation and allow them to respond in any wayRorshach Inkblot Test: most popularIn the presence of ambiguity, people project their personality onto the ambiguityEx: viewing a indie art film with friends; and you all have different interpretations of what was going on, the differences represent the different personalitiesProsNumber of responses are infiniteNot easy to distort responsesConsThe reliability is an issue b/c responses are subjectiveEven if its reliable, it may not be validBehavioral MethodsSample behaviors relative to the construct; watching what people do and not what they sayProsLess vulnerable for people to distort their responsesCons:Reactivity occurs, behavior might not be representative of actual personality by being followed aroundThe same behavior may represent 2 different thingsThe scorer-reliability isn’t perfect, surveys more reliable that behavioral assessmentsSociometric MethodsPeer-reports; asking other people about youCons:If you’re motivated to distort self perception, what will stop a peer from distorting reportPsychophysiological MethodsLooking at things in the body to determine personalityEx: polygraph (lie-detector test)ConsDiscriminant validity; these measure arousalQuestionable validityNot admissible in courtLecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Sampling Strategies II. Interaction Effect III. Reliability and Correlationa. Methods of estimating reliabilityi. Test-retestii. Internal consistency/split-half Outline of Current Lecture IV. Validitya. Faceb. Content c. Criterion-relatedi. Predictiveii. Concurrentiii. Antecedent d. Constructi. Convergent ii. Discriminant V. Assessment Strategies a. Self- reporti. Prosii. Consb. Projective Methodsi. Pros ii. Consc. Behavioral Methodsi. Prosii. Consd. Sociometric Methodsi. Prosii. Conse. Psychophysiological Methodsi. Prosii. Cons PSYC 330 1st EditionValidity of Measures - Refers to whether or not the measurement is accurateo Types: “face”: does it look like it measures what its supposed to has nothing to do with whether a measure is accurate  not important in determining accuracy  Content Validity Measure provides a representative sampling of what is being measured- Sampling across the full range of what you’re trying to measure - Does it measure what its supposed to measure Criterion –Related Validity Measure score is related to a criterion that represents the measure - Predictive: related to the futureo Taking the SAT, predicts if you’re going to be a good college student o Taking a test to see if you’ll be a good copo NFL and predictive screenings of players - Concurrent (sensitivity/specificity): related to the present o Results given the present, is it related to a criterion that exists right now- Antecedent: related to the past o Assessing the criteria of a criminal at the time of the crimeo Assessing cognitive function before an accident  Construct Validity Are we confident the measure a good indicator of the construct?- Intelligence is an example of construct o Convergent : is measure related to other things that are trying to be measured?  Bad Convergent: you don’t get relationships you shouldbe getting o Discriminant: are we certain the measure isn’t measuring something else?  It isn’t measuring something you didn’t want it to measure Bad Discriminant: Get relationships you shouldn’t be getting Assessment Strategies - Self reporto What someone says about themselves Pros Its easy to measure  Administration is simple (can be given in person or over the Web) Scoring is easy, b/c there is a finite number of options to choose from & reliable Who would know more about yourself than you? Cons Just b/c someone says they are a certain way doesn’t mean they are There are things that you aren’t aware about yourself  b/c the number of responses are finite, it restricts responses b/c people can’t elaborate - Projective Methodso Provide someone with an ambiguous situation and allow them to respond in any way  Rorshach Inkblot Test: most popular  In the presence of ambiguity, people project their personality onto the ambiguity Ex: viewing a indie art film with friends; and you all have different interpretations of what was going on, the differences represent the different personalities Pros Number of responses are infinite Not easy to distort responses Cons The reliability is an issue b/c responses are


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TAMU PSYC 330 - Validity of Measures

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