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Wright URS 2000 - Chapter 11 Cities of East Asia

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Cities of East AsiaEast AsiaKey Urban FactsKey ThemesSlide 5China HistoryChina History (continued)Chinese City as ModelChina Colonial HistoryForeign Penetration of ChinaChina Colonial CitiesChina: Modern PeriodSlide 13China: Post Maoism PeriodPowerPoint PresentationSlide 16Representative CitiesBeijingSlide 19ShanghaiSlide 21Hong KongSlide 23Slide 24Hong Kong: World Container PortTokyoSlide 27Limited SpaceFashion and EntertainmentTransportationLove EnglishCities of East AsiaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies OsakaEast AsiaKey Urban FactsTotal Population 1.56 billionPercent Urban Population 50.2%Total Urban Population 785 millionMost Urbanized Country South Korea (83.0%)Least Urbanized Country China (47%) # of Cities over 1 Million 106China 89Remainder 17# of Megacities 5Three Largest Cities Tokyo, Shanghai, OsakaWorld Cities 6 (see text)Global cities TokyoKey ThemesChina is one of most rapidly urbanizing countries in the worldChina is uniqueStill rural, yet has largest urban populationAnd greatest number of million+ cities in worldColonialism had less impact on East AsiaAlthough many Chinese cities were Treaty PortsOnly Hong Kong and Macau were entirely creations of colonialismHong Kong HarborKey ThemesJapan, South Korea, Hong Kong, TaiwanHighly industrialized and urbanized and deeply involved in the global economyVersus socialist cities of:China, N. Korean and MongoliaSince 1970’s China and Mongolia opening up economiesOnly N. Korea remains rigid communist stateMany cities are ranked among the most livable in AsiaChina HistoryYellow River Valley – major cultural hearthLong History of Dynasties (221 BC to 1912 AD), examples:Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906)Focus on ceremonial and administrative centersCapital was Chang-an •Divided on a grid pattern•Four quadrants•Beautiful wallsReflected Chinese conception of the universehttp://www.cctv.com/tvguide/jidi/zhuozhou/tangdai/changan.jpgSpatial evolution of Chinese political territoryChina History (continued)Another Great Dynasty – Ming (14th to 17th century)Builder of Great Wall•Began 3rd century BC•Mainly during Ming Dynasty Builder of Imperial Palace in BeijingMaritime empire•Door slammed shutPart of the Great Wall of ChinaChinese JunkChinese City as ModelKyoto, JapanKyoto was laid out in a grid pattern with the Imperial Palace located at its center. The city was modeled on Chang-an (modern-day Xian), the capital of the Tang Dynasty of China. The surrounding areas are named according to their positions relative to the Imperial Palace: Rakuchu for central Kyoto, Kitayama for northern Kyoto, Higashiyama for eastern Kyoto, and Nishiyama for western Kyoto.Kiyomizu Temple, a landmark for over 1,000 years, commands beautiful views of mountains and the city below.China Colonial HistoryBritish East India Co. acquired monopoly on opium, 1779Drug’s popularity depleted imperial reserves, so trade in opium was bannedFirst Opium War ended with Treaty of Nanjing (1842) granting new privileges (concessions) to foreign merchants:•Residence and control over key cities such as Shanghai•These became the “Treaty Ports”•Ceded Island of Hong Kong to Britain2nd Opium war led to British & French occupation of Beijing (1860)•Open door policy – more ports open to foreigners•Americans also involvedForeign Penetrationof ChinaChina Colonial CitiesOnly Hong Kong and MacauThe Portuguese and the Dutch first to arrive in ChinaTrade and ChristianityPortuguese tried to gain control of Guanzhou (Canton) but were forced to accept small peninsula of Macauhttp://www.unescobkk.org/culture/images/macau.jpgMacauChina: Modern PeriodEnd of the DynastiesLast dynasty Qing or Manchu (late 17th century to 1912)Formation of Nationalist GovernmentRebellions and UnrestJapanese invasion of ManchuriaCommunist Revolution (1949)Taiwan becomes “The Republic of China”China: Modern PeriodMaoist Period (1949 – 1976) major impactsRole of hukou – household registrationGreat Leap ForwardCultural Revolution•Impact todayMao ZedongChina: Post Maoism PeriodOpen Door Period after MaoRestrictions on migration removedOne country, two systemsOne child policyRapid urbanizationRest of E. Asia: JapanEuropeans arrived 1543Isolated Feudal Society (Shoguns)Opening of Japanese Ports, 1853US Commander PerryRapid modernization and industrializationJapanese ColonialismWWII and Pearl Harbor2nd industrializationModern consumer products manufacturerRest of E. Asia: Korea The “Hermit Kingdom”From 17th century on kept out foreigners1876, Japan forced way inJapanese colony (1910-1945)North Korea occupied by Soviet troops, South Korea by US troopsKorean War (1950-1953)South Korea became an “Asian Tiger”North Korea an impoverished Communist stateSeoul, South KoreaRepresentative Cities  Beijing  Shanghai Hong Kong TokyoBeijingCapital of ChinaThe Northern CapitalCentered on former Forbidden CityAnd on the huge Tiananmen SquareGray, ugly Stalinist-style buildings built under MaoTiananmen SquareBeijing skyline.BeijingOpen Door Period after MaoTo attract industry, Beijing’s government established more than a dozen developmentsImpact of international gamesEspecially Olympic Games in 2008Linked to coast and port of TianjinBeijing skyline. Traditional “hutong” neighborhoods in the foreground contrast with contemporary skyline of downtown BeijingGreat Wall of China, near BeijingShanghaiThe largest city in ChinaUnique colonial heritageFormer Treaty PortHighly westernizedThe Astor House Hotel, Shanghai http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~cccs/shanghai.jpgThe “Bund,” Shanghai’s waterfrontShanghaiMajor port, especially container portUnder Mao reverted to Chinese socialist cityToday once again largest and most westernizedcity in ChinaFuturistic Pudong section of Shanghai’Hong KongHong Kong SARSpecial Admin. RegionHong Kong Island, plus•Kowloon (Seven Dragons)•New Territories •(99 yr. lease)June 30, 1997 officially handed over to ChinaModel- One country, two systemsCommunist and capitalistHong KongHong KongHong Kong: World Container PortTokyoCapital of JapanGlobal cityWorld’s largest cityPart of the Tokaido megalopolisTokyoTruly a primate


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