Cities of East AsiaEast AsiaKey Urban FactsKey ThemesSlide 5China HistoryChina History (continued)Chinese City as ModelChina Colonial HistoryForeign Penetration of ChinaChina Colonial CitiesChina: Modern PeriodSlide 13China: Post Maoism PeriodPowerPoint PresentationSlide 16Representative CitiesBeijingSlide 19ShanghaiSlide 21Hong KongSlide 23Slide 24Hong Kong: World Container PortTokyoSlide 27Limited SpaceFashion and EntertainmentTransportationLove EnglishCities of East AsiaGrowth and Change in Urban Societies OsakaEast AsiaKey Urban FactsTotal Population 1.56 billionPercent Urban Population 50.2%Total Urban Population 785 millionMost Urbanized Country South Korea (83.0%)Least Urbanized Country China (47%) # of Cities over 1 Million 106China 89Remainder 17# of Megacities 5Three Largest Cities Tokyo, Shanghai, OsakaWorld Cities 6 (see text)Global cities TokyoKey ThemesChina is one of most rapidly urbanizing countries in the worldChina is uniqueStill rural, yet has largest urban populationAnd greatest number of million+ cities in worldColonialism had less impact on East AsiaAlthough many Chinese cities were Treaty PortsOnly Hong Kong and Macau were entirely creations of colonialismHong Kong HarborKey ThemesJapan, South Korea, Hong Kong, TaiwanHighly industrialized and urbanized and deeply involved in the global economyVersus socialist cities of:China, N. Korean and MongoliaSince 1970’s China and Mongolia opening up economiesOnly N. Korea remains rigid communist stateMany cities are ranked among the most livable in AsiaChina HistoryYellow River Valley – major cultural hearthLong History of Dynasties (221 BC to 1912 AD), examples:Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906)Focus on ceremonial and administrative centersCapital was Chang-an •Divided on a grid pattern•Four quadrants•Beautiful wallsReflected Chinese conception of the universehttp://www.cctv.com/tvguide/jidi/zhuozhou/tangdai/changan.jpgSpatial evolution of Chinese political territoryChina History (continued)Another Great Dynasty – Ming (14th to 17th century)Builder of Great Wall•Began 3rd century BC•Mainly during Ming Dynasty Builder of Imperial Palace in BeijingMaritime empire•Door slammed shutPart of the Great Wall of ChinaChinese JunkChinese City as ModelKyoto, JapanKyoto was laid out in a grid pattern with the Imperial Palace located at its center. The city was modeled on Chang-an (modern-day Xian), the capital of the Tang Dynasty of China. The surrounding areas are named according to their positions relative to the Imperial Palace: Rakuchu for central Kyoto, Kitayama for northern Kyoto, Higashiyama for eastern Kyoto, and Nishiyama for western Kyoto.Kiyomizu Temple, a landmark for over 1,000 years, commands beautiful views of mountains and the city below.China Colonial HistoryBritish East India Co. acquired monopoly on opium, 1779Drug’s popularity depleted imperial reserves, so trade in opium was bannedFirst Opium War ended with Treaty of Nanjing (1842) granting new privileges (concessions) to foreign merchants:•Residence and control over key cities such as Shanghai•These became the “Treaty Ports”•Ceded Island of Hong Kong to Britain2nd Opium war led to British & French occupation of Beijing (1860)•Open door policy – more ports open to foreigners•Americans also involvedForeign Penetrationof ChinaChina Colonial CitiesOnly Hong Kong and MacauThe Portuguese and the Dutch first to arrive in ChinaTrade and ChristianityPortuguese tried to gain control of Guanzhou (Canton) but were forced to accept small peninsula of Macauhttp://www.unescobkk.org/culture/images/macau.jpgMacauChina: Modern PeriodEnd of the DynastiesLast dynasty Qing or Manchu (late 17th century to 1912)Formation of Nationalist GovernmentRebellions and UnrestJapanese invasion of ManchuriaCommunist Revolution (1949)Taiwan becomes “The Republic of China”China: Modern PeriodMaoist Period (1949 – 1976) major impactsRole of hukou – household registrationGreat Leap ForwardCultural Revolution•Impact todayMao ZedongChina: Post Maoism PeriodOpen Door Period after MaoRestrictions on migration removedOne country, two systemsOne child policyRapid urbanizationRest of E. Asia: JapanEuropeans arrived 1543Isolated Feudal Society (Shoguns)Opening of Japanese Ports, 1853US Commander PerryRapid modernization and industrializationJapanese ColonialismWWII and Pearl Harbor2nd industrializationModern consumer products manufacturerRest of E. Asia: Korea The “Hermit Kingdom”From 17th century on kept out foreigners1876, Japan forced way inJapanese colony (1910-1945)North Korea occupied by Soviet troops, South Korea by US troopsKorean War (1950-1953)South Korea became an “Asian Tiger”North Korea an impoverished Communist stateSeoul, South KoreaRepresentative Cities Beijing Shanghai Hong Kong TokyoBeijingCapital of ChinaThe Northern CapitalCentered on former Forbidden CityAnd on the huge Tiananmen SquareGray, ugly Stalinist-style buildings built under MaoTiananmen SquareBeijing skyline.BeijingOpen Door Period after MaoTo attract industry, Beijing’s government established more than a dozen developmentsImpact of international gamesEspecially Olympic Games in 2008Linked to coast and port of TianjinBeijing skyline. Traditional “hutong” neighborhoods in the foreground contrast with contemporary skyline of downtown BeijingGreat Wall of China, near BeijingShanghaiThe largest city in ChinaUnique colonial heritageFormer Treaty PortHighly westernizedThe Astor House Hotel, Shanghai http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~cccs/shanghai.jpgThe “Bund,” Shanghai’s waterfrontShanghaiMajor port, especially container portUnder Mao reverted to Chinese socialist cityToday once again largest and most westernizedcity in ChinaFuturistic Pudong section of Shanghai’Hong KongHong Kong SARSpecial Admin. RegionHong Kong Island, plus•Kowloon (Seven Dragons)•New Territories •(99 yr. lease)June 30, 1997 officially handed over to ChinaModel- One country, two systemsCommunist and capitalistHong KongHong KongHong Kong: World Container PortTokyoCapital of JapanGlobal cityWorld’s largest cityPart of the Tokaido megalopolisTokyoTruly a primate
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