Art His 104Exam 1 Study Guide9/9/2014Francesco Petrarch - Three periods of history…1. Greco-Roman2. Dark Ages3. Golden Age of RebirthThe Classical World: Ancient Greece and Rome (Circa 6th cent. BCE-3rd century CE)- Doric order- Ionic order- Corinthian order - Barrel vault vs. groin vault- Round arch Petrarch’s Dark Ages: The Medieval Period in Europe (Circa 4th cent.-13th cent.)International Gothic: Art and Architecture (Circa. 1150-1400)1. Virgin and Child, from St. Denis France, circa. 1339, silver gilt and enamel - This statue is done in the typical Gothic fashion: s-curved posture, fluid drapery, holds a scepter that is a fleur-de-lis which is the symbol of French monarchy. The scepter acts as a reliquary that holds a lock of Mary’s hair. The baby Jesus looks more like a child and onthe podium are scenes of prophets and Passion of Christ - Gold enameled material- Immovable inanimate object- Standing in an exaggerated curved post - Represents the big shift in art pieces in the medieval period- Emotionally connected- Shown as a queen - Originally was shown with a crown on the Virgin Mary’s head- Fleur de lis-a lily composed of three petals bound together near their bases; known from the former royal arms of France- Reliquary-a container of holy relics2. Nicola Pisano, Nativity, detail of relief panel from the pulpit, marble, circa 1260- Form: This is a relief carving. The relief varies greatly in the height and or depth of each of the figures and objects. In general the composition is fairly symmetrical yet it is very crowded and almost seems disorganized. Most of the figures are placed in the foreground of the picture plane and the space created is not very illusionistic. Space is created by placing the figures in the foreground lower in the picture plane. In order to show the recession of space, the figures are layered and placed in a vertical perspectiveArt His 104Exam 1 Study Guide9/9/2014- Several of the figures (Mary and the child Jesus Christ) are repeated because several scenes are simultaneously being represented. o This is an example of continuous narrative which was common in Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance art- Iconography: this nativity scene first appears to take place in a manger but it also contains the baptism of Christ as well as the annunciation by the angel Gabriel. The scenes are as follows, far left is the angel Gabriel confronting Mary with his annunciationof the birth of Jesus. Mary pulls away towards the center of the scene. In the upper right hand corner is a manger scene in which Jesus lies in his crib, at the far right are two of the wise men. The center scene is Mary as she reclines in a pose very reminiscent of the Goddesses from the Parthenon. In the lower left foreground of the image is the baptism ofChrist (he, along with the wise men, is missing his head )- Context: the realism of her pose and drapery demonstrate the beginnings of the heightened realism that occurs during this period. These classical references are both “classy” but also refer to the new ideas concerning a more humanistic approach towards interpreting scripture. The naturalism relates more towards the viewer than ever before than it is possible to imagine the scene as something real3. Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, circa. 1305-1310, Florence, tempera and gold on panela. Mary looks more feminine on this art piece when compared to Cimabue’s art pieceb. Was painted for the Florentine Church of Ognissantic. Both figures appear to be inserted in a real, well-defined spaced. Mary is sitting on a throne that seems to have been designed with perspective in mind, conveying the idea of a real environment. The folds of the garments outline the volume of the bodies. The figures are more plausible, more human, they are no longer flat as if they were puppets on a flat surfacee. The Madonna and child are large whereas the angels are small in comparisonf. The new value given to the human figure and its relationship with space make thiswork a very important example of the new course of 14th cent. Painting4. Giotto, Arena Chapel, Padua, 1305-1306, frescoa. Named after a roman named arena b. Rich family paid Giotto to design the placec. The chapel has six windows located on the right sided. The Scrovegni Palace was originally located on the left side of the building therefore no windows were constructed on that side of the Chapele. Giotto painted his artwork on the walls and ceiling of the Chapel using the fresco method in which water based colors are painted onto wet plasterf. Painting onto wet plaster allows the paint to be infused into the plaster creating a very durable artwork. However, since the painter must stop when the plaster dries,it requires the artist to work quickly and flawlesslyArt His 104Exam 1 Study Guide9/9/2014g. Giotto’s paintings inside the Chapel can be divided into three sections: ceiling, topportion of the sidewalls and the front and back walls, and the bottom portion of the sidewalls. All of the scenes on the sidewalls are separated from each other by faux marble bandingi. Ceiling-is painted in cobalt blue to give the appearance of the sky with ten medallion shaped portraits of Christ, St. John the Baptist, The Virgin and Child, Baruch, Isaiah, Daniel, Malachi and 3 unidentified prophetsii. Top Portion of the Side Walls and the Front and Back Walls-composed of 39 narrative scenes. The scenes on the sidewalls can be further divided into three tiers and the scenes appear in chronological order. The top tier isthe life of Mary and her parents, Joachim and Anne. iii. Bottom portion-contains 14 scenes. The seven scenes on the right wall depict the seven heavenly virtues of prudence, fortitude, temperance, justice, faith, charity, and hope. The seven scenes on the left wall depict the seven vices of despair, envy, infidelity, injustice, wrath, inconstancy, and follyh. Giotto gave his figures a three-dimensional presence and brought a new realism tohis paintings5. Giotto, The Lamentation, from the Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, circa. 1305, frescoa. A ridge of rock points our attention to the face of Christ. b. His head is held in the lap of Mary; their two heads in intense juxtaposition (a concentration of tenderness and sorrow).c. This is not only the virgin and Christ but a very human mother and sond. On top of the ridge is a barren tree symbolizing both death and the hope of rebirthe. In the blue