Exam 31.Which of the following organ(s) uses lipids as its major energysource?a. brainb. musclec.heart*d.muscle and heart2. What is the name of the cells within the body that store lipids?a.hepatocytesb. neurons*c. adipocytesd.acinar cells3.Adipocytes produce regulatory hormones and prostaglandins:*a.Trueb.False4. Which of the following organs is encased within a lipid depot padfor protection against shock and injury?a.brain*b.kidneyc.ovaryd.liver5.Which end of a phospholipid is oriented in such a way as to protrudeinto an aqueous matrix?a.the hydrophobic end*b.the hydrophilic endc.that portion of the complex lipid containing the saturatedlong chain fatty acidsd.the hydrophobic end and that portion of the complex lipidcontaining the saturated long chain fatty acids6. What are the three portions of a bilayered membrane?*a.two hydrophilic ends plus an inner hydrophobic areab.two hydrophobic ends plus an inner hydrophilic areac.one hydrophobic layerd.two hydrophobic ends plus an inner hydrophilic area plus onehydrophobic layerI7. In adipocytes, newly imported triglycerides form small lipiddroplets in which portion of the cell?a. interior cytoplasm*b. peripheral cytoplasmc. nucleusd. on the exterior cell mewbrane surface8. Which of the following tissues contain little if any adipocytes?a. subcutaneous portion of skinb. area surrounding the kidneyc. muscle*d. "bone9. Which of the following represents a risk factor for cardiovasculardisease?a. subcutaneous fat*b. intra-abdominal fatc. intramuscular fatd. kidney depot fat10. Compared to other fat depots, intra-abdominal fat is:a. greasyb. elastic*c. brittled. greasy and elastic11. Which of the following fat depots is mobilized by the body, first,during fasting?a. subcutaneous fatb. kidney depot fat*c. intra-abdominal fatd. intramuscular fat12. In non ruminants, the main source of carbon for denovofatty acidsynthesis is:a. galactoseb. palmitic acid*c. glucosed. acetate and butyrate13. In ruminants, the main source(s) of carbon for denovofatty acidsynthesis is/are:a. glucoseb. acetatec. butyrate*d. acetate and butyrate14. Fatty synthetase enzyme complex is actually a complex of enzymes:*a. Trueb. False15. How many component enzymes are in fatty acid synthetase complex?a.9b. 2d. 216. Which vitamin forms an integral part of the inner protein carriercomplex in fatty acid synthetase?a. folateb. vitamin B12*c. pantothenic acidd. B617. Fatty acids are elongated incarbon increments:a.3*b. 2c.4d. 118. What is the immediate precursor compound (a metabolite synthesizedfrom glucose or acetate) normally used by the fatty acid synthetasecomplex?a. citrateb. methylmalonyl CoA*c. malonyl CoAd. pyruvateI19. The fatty acid synthetase complex is down-regulated via a detergent- like effect exerted by an accumulation of which metabolites in thecytoplasm?a. glucose polymersb. acetate and butyrate*c. free fatty acidsd. small peptides20. What is the specific biochemical reason(s) that ruminants cannotuse significant amounts of carbon from glucose to synthesize fattyacids?a. Im·J levels of enzyme activity in portions of the malatetranshydrogenation cycle within the adipocyteb. low to non-existent levels of ATP - citrate lyase within theadipocytec. low levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase*d. low levels of enzyme activity in portions of the malatetranshydrogenation cycle within the adipocyte and low to non-existent levels of ATP - citrate lyase within the adipocyte21. In the chicken, the major site of fatty acid synthesis is within:a. heartb. muscle*c. liverd. adipose tissue22. In the lactating cow, what is/are the major sites of fatty acidsynthesis?a. liverb. mammary glandc. adipose tissue*d. mammary gland and adipose tissue23. Which is the major enzyme within the adipocyte that is responsiblefor the mobilization of fatty acids during times of energy shortagewithin the body?*a. hormone sensitive lipaseb. fatty acid synthetasec. ATP citrate lyased. pyruvate dehydrogenase24. What are the end products of triglyceride digestion?Ia. monoglycerideb. fatty acidsc. glycerol*d. monoglyceride and fatty acids25. What are the end products of phospholipid digestion in the smallintestinal tract?a. fatty acids plus glycerolb. glycerol plus lysophospholipid*c. fatty acid plus lysophospholipidd. fatty acids plus cholesterol26. What are the end products of cholesterol ester digestion in thesmall intestinal tract?a. fatty acid plus lysophospholipid*b. fatty acid plus cholesterolc. glycerol plus fatty acidsd. lysophospholipid plus glycerol27. What happens to most lipids at the site of the enterocyte membrane,once they have been digested and absorbed by the enterocyte?a. they pass into the blood stream unmodifiedb. they are completely oxidized within the enterocyte*c. they are reesterified into the original complex lipids(triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters).d. the pass into the blood stream unmodified then arereesterified into the original complex lipids28. A beef calf secrets lipase into its saliva:*a. Trueb. False29. The oral lipase activity in the calf has major nutritionalsignificance to the animal?a. True*b. False30. Humans secrete physiologically significant amounts of lipase intothe saliva:a. True*b. FalseI;31.Humans secret lipase from which portion of the stomach?a.cardiac*b.fundicc.pyloricd.all of the answers are correct32.Which gastrointestinal hormone is responsible for gall bladdercontraction when fat enters the duodenum?a.secretinb.gastrin*c.cholecystokinind.somatotrophin33.What is the major role of bile within the intestinal tract?a.lubricationb.protein digestionc.lipid digestion*d.fat emulsification into micelles34. A micelle is composedof:a.a phospholipid/bile salt outer layer and a protein coreb.a carbohydrate outer layer and a lipid corec. a protein outer layer and a lipid core*d.a phospholipid/bile salt outer layer and a lipid/cholesterolcore35. How are phospholipids and bile salts oriented within a micelle?a.hydrophobic end outward toward aqueous matrix and thehydrophilic end inward toward the lipid core*b.hydrophilic end outward toward the aqueous matrix and thehydrophobic end inward toward the lipid corec.hydrophobic end outward toward aqueous matrix and thehydrophilic end inward toward the protein cored.hydrophilic end outward toward the aqueous matrix and thehydrophobic end inward toward the carbohydrate core36.What is/are the major component(s) of the lipid inner core of amicelle?Ia. fatty acidsb. monoglyceridesc. cholesterol*d. all of the