ESS 205 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. None, this is the first lecture of the semester. Outline of Current Lecture II. Why is Anatomy and Physiology important?III.Anatomy being the study of formIV.Physiology being the study of functionV. Human Structurea. Anatomical Variationb. Human Functionc. Physiological Variationd. Homeostasise. Negative and Positive Feedback LoopsVI. Analyzing Anatomical Termsa. Terminology Current Lecture1. Why is anatomy and physiology important? It is useful in athletic training, therapeutic recreation, occupational and physical therapy. It also plays a part in sports management, community health, and fitness. Anatomy and Physiology is seen in the news all the time. Think of televised sporting events or even individuals on the news that are suffering from a physical injury. 2. Anatomy is the study of FORM. It is an observation of surface structure. It is a physical examination to observe evolutionary trends, also called comparative anatomy. Gross anatomy is what is seen with the naked eye and Histology is the study of cells under a microscope. 3. Physiology is the study of FUNCTION. It uses experimental science to study bodily functions. It is the basis for development in drugs and medical procedure.4. The Human Structure is a hierarchy of complexity. The system is this:AtomsMoleculesOrganellescellstissuesorgansorgan systemsNo human is exactly the same. What is also true is all human organ systems are notalways the same. This is called anatomical variation. For example: a human could These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.have two spleens, while another may only have one. But both are under the confines of “normal.” In order to live there are some basic human functions. These include: Organization,cellular composition, excretion, metabolism, responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, and evolution. There is another variation called physiological variation. This is the differences between age, sex, diet, and degree of physical activity. A good example would be a man and women. Both are different ages and they both have a different amount ofcalories that need to be consumed in order to function correctly. Homeostasis is a very important concept. It is not static, but rather dynamic. Homeostasis can vary within a respective range. If you “lose” homeostasis you can become ill or even die. Homeostasis has negative feedback loops and positive feedback loops. BE CAREFUL WITH THESE WORDS. In this case, negative actually means GOOD. A negative feedback loop is where homeostasis is disrupted and your body takes action and does the OPPOSITE reaction. This is where “negative” comes in—meaning opposite. Positive feedback loops on the other hand are USUALLY BAD. This is where homeostasis is disrupted, but the body does nothing to reverse it. A good example would be cancer. Please note that there are good positive feedback loops and bad negative feedback loops. But for MOST of the time negative=good and positive=bad. Another concept to understand is that negative feedback loops have a set point. It is never at just one point. It is constantly fluctuating which creates an average. Takeair conditioning for example: It is either cooling the house down or off where it then heats back up. Then once it reaches a certain SET POINT the air conditioning will turn back on and cool it down. 5. Anatomical Terminology comes from Greek and Latin roots. When looking at medical terminology is important to look at patterns, suffixes, or prefixes. These clues help narrow down what the term could be. a. Neuro=nerveb. Lemma=membranei. Neurolemma=nerve cell