Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 15 Foundations of Organization Structure1) Organizational structure has six key elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements? A) centralization B) departmentalization C) work specialization D) formalization E) location of authority Answer: EExplanation: Organizational structure describes the way in which job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. Managers need to address six key elements when they design their organization's structure: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 488Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Organizational StructureQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 12) A task that is subdivided into many separate jobs is considered to have ________. A) a high degree of departmentalization B) a low degree of decentralization C) a high degree of work specialization D) a low degree of structure E) a high degree of matrix structuring Answer: CExplanation: The term work specialization describes the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence of work specialization is to divide a job into a number of steps, each completed by a separate individual. In essence, individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entirety.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 488Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Work SpecializationQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 11Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.3) Which of the following is not a benefit achieved from work specialization?A) decreased time in changing tasks B) decreased training costs C) increased investment in machineryD) increased efficiency and productivityE) decreased time in putting away toolsAnswer: CExplanation: With work specialization less time is spent in changing tasks, putting away tools and equipment from a prior step, and getting ready for another. Equally important, it's easier and less costly to find and train workers. Work specialization increases efficiency and productivity byencouraging the creation of special inventions and machinery.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Work SpecializationQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 14) For much of the first half of the 20th century, managers viewed work specialization as ________. A) a means to encourage employee satisfaction B) a frustrating cause of reduced product output C) an unending source of increased productivity D) difficult to implement without automation technology E) an effective solution to over-centralization Answer: CExplanation: For much of the first half of the twentieth century, managers viewed work specialization as an unending source of increased productivity. And they were probably right. When specialization was not widely practiced, its introduction almost always generated higher productivity.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Work SpecializationQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 12Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.5) Stalsberry Company has employees in personnel, sales, and accounting. This division of an organization into groups according to work functions is an example of ________, the second element of structural organization. A) social clustering B) bureaucracy C) specialization D) centralization E) departmentalization Answer: EExplanation: The basis by which jobs are grouped is called departmentalization. One of the most popular ways to group activities is by functions performed. A manufacturing manager might organize a plant into engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and supply specialists departments.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: DepartmentalizationQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 16) Which one of the following is not one of the primary ways to group jobs? A) skill B) customer C) function D) product E) service Answer: AExplanation: One popular way to group activities is by functions performed. Businesses also departmentalize jobs by the type of product or service the organization produces. A firm can also departmentalize on the basis of geography, or territory. A final category of departmentalization uses the particular type of customer the organization seeks to reach.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490-491Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Ways to Group ActivitiesQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 13Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.7) A plant manager who organizes the plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments is practicing ________ departmentalization.A) target customer B) product C) functional D) geographic E) graphic Answer: CExplanation: One of the most popular ways to group activities is by functions performed. A manufacturing manager might organize a plant into engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and supply specialists departments.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: FunctionQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 18) AgriProducers has customers all over the United States that need their soil tested in their labs as well as their products for their crops. The crops and soil are different in the various large areasof the nation, such as the West Coast, and the Mid-West. Which type of departmentalization would be best for AgriProducers? A) functional B) process C) product D) geographic E) temporal Answer: DExplanation: AgriProducers needs would best be served by departmentalizing on the basis of geography. This form is valuable when an organization's customers are scattered over a large geographic area and have similar needs based on their location.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 491Topic: What Is Organizational Structure?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: FunctionQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 14Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.9) Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest Answer: DExplanation: Firms