Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 12 Basic Approaches to Leadership1) John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________. A) conflict B) success C) defeat D) morale E) change Answer: EExplanation: Management, according to John Kotter of the Harvard Business School, pertains to coping with complexity. By drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organizational structures, and monitoring results against these plans, good managers create order and maintain consistency.In contrast, Kotter defines leadership as the ability to deal effectively with change. When leaders develop a vision of the future, they establish a new direction by bringing people together and inspiring them to overcome obstacles.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 376Topic: What Is Leadership?Skill: AACSB: CommunicationObjective: Management and LeadershipQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 12) Leadership is best defined as ________. A) the ability to influence a group in goal achievement B) keeping order and consistency in the midst of change C) implementing the vision and strategy provided by management D) coordinating and staffing the organization and handling day-to-day problems E) not a relevant variable in modern organizations Answer: AExplanation: Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Management, on the other hand, relates primarily to maintaining order and consistency. Good leaders establish a vision and inspire others to follow a new direction to achieve these goals.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 376Topic: What Is Leadership?Skill: AACSB: CommunicationObjective: LeadershipQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 11Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.3) Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true? A) All leaders are managers. B) Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively. C) All managers are leaders. D) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers. E) Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as or more important than formal influence. Answer: EExplanation: Although some leaders emerge after rising through the ranks of an organization, many others result from nonsanctioned leadership–the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization. Nonsanctioned leadership is often as important or more important than formal influence. Not all gifted leaders are competent managers, and not all great managers are inspired leaders. Formal appointment to a leadership position does not guarantee effective leadership.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 377Topic: What Is Leadership?Skill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: LeadershipQuest. Category: Critical ThinkingLO: 14) Which theory differentiates leaders from nonleaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics? A) Fiedler's perspective B) characteristic theory C) LPC D) contingency theory E) trait theory Answer: EExplanation: Trait theory focuses on personal qualities and characteristics. Researchers study personal, social, physical, or intellectual qualities possessed by great leaders that distinguish them from nonleaders. Many strong leaders throughout history, including Buddha, Napoleon, Mao, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Reagan have been described in terms of their traits, and the earliest stages of leadership research sought to uncover unique sets of traits exemplified by great leaders. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 377Topic: Trait TheoriesSkill: AACSB: CommunicationObjective: Trait TheoriesQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 22Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.5) According to a comprehensive review of the leadership literature, what is the most important trait of effective leaders? A) conscientiousness B) openness C) extraversion D) agreeableness E) emotional stability Answer: CExplanation: Years of accumulated research pertaining to trait theory has found extraversion to be the most important trait possessed by strong leaders. Extraversion is strongly related to leader emergence, although it does not necessarily predict leader effectiveness. Sociable and dominant people are more likely to assert themselves in group situations, and leaders who like being around people and are able to assert themselves have an apparent advantage over those who are more introverted.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 378Topic: Trait TheoriesSkill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Trait TheoriesQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 26) Recent studies indicate that ________ may indicate effective leadership. A) an endless supply of terrific ideas B) a compelling vision C) a highly analytical mind D) outstanding training E) emotional intelligence Answer: EExplanation: Emotional intelligence (EI) is vital to effective leadership because leaders who possess emotional intelligence also have empathy for their followers. Empathetic leaders are better at listening to others and can sense their needs and read their reactions. These qualities are increasingly important as a potential leader moves up within an organization. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 378Topic: Trait TheoriesSkill: AACSB: CommunicationObjective: Emotional Intelligence and Trait TheoriesQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 23Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.7) Emotional intelligence is so critical to effective leadership because one of its core componentsis ________. A) conscientiousness B) empathy C) openness D) extroversion E) agreeableness Answer: BExplanation: When leaders show empathy, caring about their followers and the obstacles they may face, these leaders are often rewarded with greater loyalty. Empathetic leaders are better able to listen to their followers, gain a sense of their needs, and anticipate their reactions in advance. Followers of an empathetic leader are more willing to stay with him or her during turbulent times. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 378Topic: Trait TheoriesSkill: AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: Trait TheoriesQuest. Category: Concept/DefinitionalLO: 28) There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict ________ more accurately than leadership effectiveness. A) leadership emergence B) extroversion in leaders C) leadership awareness D) leadership competence E) the conscientiousness of leaders Answer: AExplanation: Generally speaking, traits can be used to predict leadership propensity. However, current studies have concluded that trait research does a better job predicting