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TAMU PSYC 315 - Belief Systems
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Psych 315 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Schemas and stereotypes, judgment and decision making, causal attribution and fundamental attribution Outline of Current Lecture II. End of Fundamental attribution III. AttractivenessIV. Belief systems: pt 1V. Entity vs. IncrementalCurrent Lecture- East Asians think situational. They look at the broader context - Confucian philosophy encourages east Asians to see behavior within its overall context- Dialectical thinking encourages east Asians to find a compromise between dispositional and situational causes. - Western cultures focus on the individuals and Eastern culture focus on the relationship between individuals - Interdependent cultures do not see individuals as the primary cause of their behavior.Self Attributions- Self Perception Theory: making attributions to your own behavior. You figure out who you are asa person by going through a unconscious process to know yourself. You become a self observer. It’s looking at your behavior. Attractiveness:- The advantage of being attractive. The more attractive people are viewed as; more social, altruistic and intelligent; in school they get more attention and affection from teachers. - Being symmetrical: two sides of face are the same. Human’s naturally like symmetrical- Being average: if your facial features and body is normal looking - High femininity (small lower facial area, small chin and fuller lips- High masculinity: think brow ridges, thin lips, small eyes, large square jaw- Attractiveness beings to take effect early in life. Parents give more affection to attractive children- The positive effects of physical attractive are stronger for women than men.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Why does attractiveness have such an impact? There’s more pressure for women to look good than for men. o Immediacy: attractiveness is the first thing other ‘s seeo Prestige: it makes men look good if they are dating an attractive womeno Biology: Symmetrical humans and animals means that your genes are working right; therefore you’re more likely to live longer and have less health problemsBelief Systems: Part 1: Systems Justification  System: a set of rules, institutions and ways of behaviors. Broad societal issues. They can be fair or unfair. Systems are hard to change. We want to see our system as a good system rather than abad one. They do not change quickly. There is a lot of resistance to change  System Justification: we go out of our way to justify our system.  When are we most motivated to justify systems? System Dependency System Inescapability (can’t change the system or leave it): System Threat: people begin to blame others for the systemEven people who are treated unfairly still want to justify the system because they don’t want to change.  Studies that demonstrate system justificationKay et al. (2009). “Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be Experiment 1: Manipulated the degree to which a system was escapable. Used the Canadian government, whose members of Parliament come primarily people from the upper, more wealthy class. Manipulated the degree to which Canadian students thought that they could leave Canada to become citizens of another country. Said it would be hard to do (i.e., the current political system is hard to escape). Then asked how desirableit is that few people outside of the upper class become members of Parliament. Those participants who were led to believe that leaving Canada was hard to do justified the political system by saying it was more fair than people in the control group who were notled to believe that it would be hard to leave Canada.  How does system justification of American society as a whole apply to politics in general and affiliation with different political parties in particular? If you are the far left or far right you are more likely to justify the system. Entity vs. Incremental- Entity: fixed abilityo If a person thinks in an entity way, they more likely just want to do well.o Correlates with lower grades - Incremental: changeable ability o If a person thinks incrementally, more likely to want to learn from their struggleso Correlates with higher grades Performance vs. Growth GoalsStudy 1: “The far-reaching effects of believing people can change: Implicit theories of personality shape stress, health, and achievement during adolescence This is a study of entity vs. incremental beliefs about one’s traits and characteristics.Study part 1: Response to social adversity: Play cyberball and assess reactions to social exclusion. Result: People with entity beliefs about personality reported the game to be more stressful, and reported more anxiety and negative feelings about themselves Participants who began the 9th grade with entity views of personality reported more stress at theend of 9th grade than they did at the beginning.  Participants also reported more physical health problems of the year if they held entity views of personality  Also, holding an entity view of personality was associated with poorer grades in math, science, and English. Finally, the amount to which students had negative reactions to cyberball was correlated with the amount of stress and health problems reported at the end of the year.  Women who hold entity beliefs and the belief that women are not as good at math as men tend to stay away from math courses in college. Math teachers in high school who hold entity beliefs tend to comfort students in the lower part of the grade distribution (because they see them as incapable). Students who receive comfortingresponses pick up on the instructors entity beliefs and tend to develop lower math


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