VCU BIOL 218 - Exam 1 Study Guide (10 pages)

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BIOL 218 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 4 13 14 16 CHAPTER 1 o Cell Biology study of cells their structure function behavior Variations lead to differences in cell function o Cytosol part of the cytoplasm that is not membrane bound organelles largest single gel like compartment where beginning of nutrient molecule breakdown occurs site of protein synthesis that contains majority of metabolic pathways o Cytoplasm o Mitochondria primarily used to power actions of cell by producing ATP most abundant contains own DNA made from ancient symbiosis between bacteria eukaryotic cell have double membrane oxidative phosphorylation cell respiration o Nucleus directs cell uses it s double nuclear membrane for protection and organization site of core genome o Chloroplasts solar power plant evolved from photosynthetic bacterium entering early eukaryotic cell has own DNA have double membrane but are more complex than mitochondria site of carbon fixation contain chlorophyll houses photosynthesis o Lysosomes where intracellular digestion occurs separates nutrients from unwanted molecules has irregular shape is membrane bound o Chromosomes o Golgi Apparatus involved in final packaging of organelles and cell communication o Peroxisomes membrane enclosed vesicle that houses toxic molecules and deactivates them o Plasma membrane forms fence between internal and external environment of cell controlling what comes in or goes out Endocytosis process of importing molecules into cell Exocytosis process of exporting molecules out of cell o Endoplasmic reticulum ER highway of cell where most cell components are made especially cells for protein secretion smooth lipid synthesis rough site of protein synthesis ready for cell distribution o Cytoskeleton helps organize cell so it can be more easily regulated allows directed movement the cells scaffolding uses actin microtubules intermediate filaments crucial during cell division o Extracellular matrix o Central Dogma DNA RNA protein o