EARLY ASYLUMSJohann Weyer (1st to specialize in mental illness)Founder of the modern study of psychopathologyBelieved the mind was just as susceptible to illness as the bodyGheel in BelgiumForerunner of today’s community mental health programsDemonstrates that patients can respond to loving and respectful treatmentDEFINITON OF ABNORMALITYParticular behaviors that prevent someone from functioning, breaks social norms and is statistically infrequentPRESCRIBING PSYCHOLOGISTDOD Pilot Program Instituted 198910 clinical psychologists1997 Follow up, 7 still prescribingLegal in 2 statesNew MexicoLouisianaCYBERTHERAPYthe use of advanced technologies, such as the internet or virtual reality, as an adjunct to traditional forms of therapyPREVENTIONinterventions aimed at determining mental disorders before they can developPSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONa prescription drug that’s used to treat or manage psychiatric symptoms or challenging behaviorsDANGEROUSNESScited as a feature of abnormal psychological functioning, research suggests that its actually the exception rather than the rulemost people struggling with anxiety, depression and bizarre thinking pose no immediate danger to themselves or anyone else.DETERMINISMthe doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGYINSANITY IN AN INSANE WORLDANCIENT DIAGNOSISSTRESSHUMANISTIC MODELPositive modelTherapists is there to help you solve your own problemsEmphasizes goodness, capacity for change, self- healing tendenciesMajor FiguresCarl RogersAbraham MaslowBasic PostulatesPeople are basically goodBehavior is freeREFERRAL TO MENTAL HOSPITALLEGAL CASEDSMDSM (1952): created to have standardized diagnosisNumberYearDisordersPagesI195260130II1968150134III1980250494III-R1987300+567IV1994400+886V2013400+?*1968 Homosexuality was a disorder in the DSM, eventually removed in 1980.New additions to the DSM-VObsessive-compulsive & related disordersOCDHoarding disorderBody dysmorphic disorder (negative perception of one’s body)Trichotillomania (need to pull one’s own hair from body)Skin Picking DisorderHypochondriasis is now termed Illness anxiety disorderPedophilla is now termed Pedohebephillic disorderDementia is now major neurocognitive disorderAutism spectrum disorder combines autism, asperger’s disorder and pervasive personality disorder (PDD)Feeding and eating disordersDisruptive, impulse control & conduct disordersSubstance abuse and addictive disordersNeurocognitive disordersPersonality disordersParaphilic disordersLPCLicensed Psychology CounselorTitle Varies by stateLPC Texas, LMHC used in other states, NCC Certification good credentialsRequirementsMinimum 48 hour master’s program100 face-to-face clients contact3000 post master’s hours of supervisionfull-time employment18 months minimumpass state licensure exam90% of the delivery of mental health services in the US is done by LPCMODEL FOR VIEWING BEHAVIORCognitive ModelFocuses on thoughts and emotionsAlbert Ellis and Aaron Beck proposed the modelClaimed that clinicians must ask questions about the assumptions and attitudes that color a client’s perceptions, the thoughts, and conclusionsCognitive therapyTherapy developed that helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes.Popular because:Focuses on the process unique to human beings, human thoughtGood for researchEffective performance of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapiesDrawbacksThe role of cognitive processes has yet to be determinedCognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies don’t help everyoneResearch suggests that the kinds of cognitive changes and cognitive therapies are not always possible to achieve“NEW WAVE” have emerged in order to offset these problemsMODEL FOR VIEWING BEHAVIORSociocultural ModelAbnormal behavior is best understood in light od the broad forces that influence the personMajor componentsFamily-social perspectiveBelieved that clinical theorists should concentrate on those broad forces that apply directly on an persons as they move through life- family, relationships, social interactions and community eventsBelieved to account for abnormal and normal behaviorShould pay attention to:Social labels and rolesSocial networksFamily structure and communicationTreatmentsCouple/marriage therapyCommunity mental health treatmentFamily therapySelf-help groupGroup therapyMulticultural perspectiveUnderstanding how culture, race, ethnicity, gender,etc., affect behavior and thought and how people of different cultures, races and genders differ psychologicallyTreatments:Culture-sensitive therapiesGender sensitive therapiesFeminist therapiesPRACTITIONER ETHICSBody of principles and rules for ethical behavior, designed to guide decisions and actions by members of a professionPsychologists are permitted to offer advicePsychologists may not conduct fraudulent research, plagiarize the work of others or publish false dataPsychologists must acknowledge their limitationsPsychologists who make evaluations and testify in legal cases must base their assessments on sufficient information and substantiate their findings appropriatelyPsychologists may not take advantage of clients and students, sexually or otherwisePsychologists must here adhere to the principle of confidentialityMODEL FOR VIEWING BEHAVIORBiological ModelFocuses on the biological processes of human functioning to explain abnormalityEmphasis on anatomical and biochemical problems in the brainSome abnormalities are the result of genetic inheritance, normal evolution, or viral infectionsBiological therapiesDrug therapyElectroconvulsive therapyPsychosurgery (rare)MODERN TREATMENT OF MENTAL PATIENTSOut-patient treatment for the more moderate casesPsychotropic medication combined with outpatient treatment for the more severe cases.The severe cases can also be temporarily institutionalized and moved to community mental health facilities.PSYCHOLOGY/PSYCHIATRY TRAININGPsychologyPHD/PSYD/EDDBegan in late 1940’s70,000 in practicemedian age 4823% male, 77% femaleClinical/Counseling/SchoolClinical: trained to work with people with a serious mental disorderCounseling: trained to work with everyday problemsSchool: works with kids k-12 who have learning disabilitiesPsychiatryMD DegreeBegan 184035.000 in number52 is average age75% male; 75% whiteBEHAVIORAL MODELBased on scientific evidenceEmphasizes the interaction of learning and geneticsMajor FiguresIvan PavlovShowed that people are