Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89-102.Topic:Remember and know judgments reflect two different constructs of recognition memory?Exp. 3: Perceptual fluency and remember vs. knowGoal:Introduce perceptual fluency and familiarity and examine their impacts on remember vs. know responsesPrediction:Perceptual fluency (familiarity) influences “know” responses, whereas this manipulation is relatively ineffective on “remember” responses.Design2 (study status; target vs lures; within-Ss) x 2 (priming; priming by a test word before showing itself, or priming by an unrelated word; within-Ss).stimuliA set of 240 common nounsThese words are divided into 4 groups (60 words each).Group 1 and group 2 are for old (60) and new (60) words for the recognition test.For these words, half of them were preceded by themselves (masked repetition), and the other half were preceded by unrelated words.Group 3 is for unrelated word priming.Group 4 is to make sure counterbalancing is completeProcedureStudy phaseSs were shown the study list (each word appeared at the center of the screen for 5 sec.)15 min retention intervalTest phaseFixation --- ---- for 2 secA mask (&&&&&&&&&) presented for 500 msThe prime word in lowercase letters (either the same as the target or unrelated word) presented for 50msThe presentation of the test word (either studied or nonstudied) was made in uppercase letters.Ss made a recognition judgment (New or Old).When Ss responded with “Old”, then they made “Know” or “remember” responses.For the recognition judgment both speed and accuracy were measured.ResultsTarget – studied (Hit)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Remember response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.Know response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Lures – nonstudies (FA)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Remember response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.Know response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Exp. 4: confidence and remember vs. knowSubjects48 undergraduatesDesign= Exp. 3, except that instead of doing remember / know judgment, Ss made confidence judgmentsProcedure= Exp. 3, except that Ss made confidence judgments (sure / not sure) for those items that were responded as “old”ResultsTarget – studied (Hit)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.No sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.Lures – nonstudies (FA)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.No sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.01/14/19, 7:09 AM 1/5Rajaram, S. (1993). Remembering and knowing: Two means of access tothe personal past. Memory & Cognition, 21, 89-102.Topic:Remember and know judgments reflect two different constructs of recognition memory?Exp. 3: Perceptual fluency and remember vs. knowGoal:Introduce perceptual fluency and familiarity and examine their impacts on remember vs. know responsesPrediction:Perceptual fluency (familiarity) influences “know” responses, whereas thismanipulation is relatively ineffective on “remember” responses.Design2 (study status; target vs lures; within-Ss) x 2 (priming; priming by a test word before showing itself, or priming by an unrelated word; within-Ss).stimuliA set of 240 common nouns These words are divided into 4 groups (60 words each). Group 1 and group 2 are for old (60) and new (60) words for the recognition test. For these words, half of them were preceded by themselves (masked repetition), and the other half were preceded by unrelated words.Group 3 is for unrelated word priming.Group 4 is to make sure counterbalancing is complete01/14/19, 7:09 AM 2/5ProcedureStudy phaseSs were shown the study list (each word appeared at the center of the screen for 5 sec.)15 min retention intervalTest phaseFixation --- ---- for 2 secA mask (&&&&&&&&&) presented for 500 msThe prime word in lowercase letters (either the same as the target or unrelated word) presented for 50msThe presentation of the test word (either studied or nonstudied) was made in uppercase letters.Ss made a recognition judgment (New or Old). When Ss responded with “Old”, then they made “Know” or “remember” responses.For the recognition judgment both speed and accuracy were measured. ResultsTarget – studied (Hit)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Remember response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.Know response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Lures – nonstudies (FA)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Remember response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.01/14/19, 7:09 AM 3/5Know response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.01/14/19, 7:09 AM 4/5Exp. 4: confidence and remember vs. knowSubjects48 undergraduatesDesign= Exp. 3, except that instead of doing remember / know judgment, Ss made confidence judgmentsProcedure= Exp. 3, except that Ss made confidence judgments (sure / not sure) for those items that were responded as “old”ResultsTarget – studied (Hit)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.Sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.No sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; n.f.Lures – nonstudies (FA)Recognition: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.01/14/19, 7:09 AM 5/5Sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime; s.f.No sure response: repetition prime vs. unrelated prime;