BIO 364 Spring 2007 Exam 1 Name____________________________ page 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the option that best answers the question or statement. (1 pt each; 10 pts total) 1. _______ Martinus Beijernick was responsible for which of the following? A) Isolation of nitrifiying bacteria for the first time B) Hypothesis that all microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature C) Development of the Winogradsky column D) Identification of the central role of bacteria in element transformations E) None of the above 2. _______ Which of the following are NOT required for life to arise? A) Separation from the surrounding environment B) RNA and DNA C) Ability to replicate D) All of the above E) None of the above 3. _______ Which of the following is the considered the most probable mechanism for the origin of life on earth? A) Spontaneous generation B) RNA as the original macromolecule with both hereditary and catalytic functions C) Primordial soup with clay as a catalyst D) All of the above E) None of the above 4. _______ The only mechanism of evolution that can generate adaptation is: A) Mutation B) Gene flow C) Genetic drift D) Natural selection E) None of the above 5. _______ Autotrophs are microbes that: A) Use light as an energy source B) Use CO2 as a source of carbon C) Use organic compounds as a source of carbon D) Grow at high temperatures E) None of the above 6. _______ Population vital rates are: A) Growth, density, distribution, carrying capacity B) Exponential, logistic, discrete, unregulated C) Birth, death, immigration, emigration D) None of the above 7. _______ Which of the following microbial populations would exhibit the most rapid growth? A) Paramecium aurelia, r = 1.2, generation time = 0.5 B) Paramecium caudatum, r = 0.9, generation time = 0.5 C) Escherichia coli, r = 2.0, generation time = 0.01 D) Bacillus subtilis, r = 2.0, generation time = 10.0BIO 364 Spring 2007 Exam 1 Name____________________________ page 2 8. _______ Stochastic population models differ from deterministic population models in that they: A) Can exactly predict the future population size based on current vital rates B) Examine fates of individual organisms C) Are based on a range of potential outcomes and the probability of each occurring D) Examine the interactions among multiple populations of the same species E) None of the above 9. _______ The distribution of a fungal species that is found only in tropical forest soils around the world is: A) Cosmopolitan B) Endemic C) Circumboreal D) Circumpolar E) None of the above 10. _______ Yellow fever is vectored by A) Humans B) Primates C) Mosquitoes D) All of the above E) None of the above TRUE OR FALSE: Circle the correct answer. (1 pt each; 10 pts total) 11. True or False – Fossil microbes can be found that are greater than 3 billion years old. 12. True or False – Carl Woese redefined bacterial phylogenetics through the use of 16 rRNA. 13. True or False – Phylogenetic diversity and metabolic diversity are tightly correlated. 14. True or False – Extremophiles tolerate extreme environments but grow best under more normal conditions. 15. True or False – Major divisions of gram-positive bacteria are distinguished by their GA content. 16. True or False – Populations growing at r > 1 will go extinct rapidly. 17. True or False – Microbes that are r-selected would have rapid growth and short generation times. 18. True or False – Culturing provides exact counts for all the bacteria in a soil or water sample. 19. True or False – Microbial biogeography is shaped by patterns of immigration and extinction. 20. True or False – Viruses that have co-evolved with their hosts over long periods of time are less virulent than when exposed to novel hosts.BIO 364 Spring 2007 Exam 1 Name____________________________ page 3 FILL IN THE BLANK. Fill in or circle the correct choice. (1 pt for each blank; 10 pts total). 21. The _____________________________and ___________________________ are two species concepts developed for prokaryotes which are analogous to the morphological and phylogenetic concepts developed for eukaryotes, respectively. 22. Bacteria population growth that follows the _____________________________ model has a lag phase followed first by exponential growth and then by ___________________________ at a level determined by the _______________________________ of the environment. 23. The theory of ___________________________________ suggests that small islands should have ______________________ species and __________________________ turnover than large islands. 24. Species accumulation curves for bacteria are typically more ______________________than those for macroorganisms, so we use statistical estimators such as _______________________ to quantify their diversity. MATCHING / FILL IN (1 pts per square; 18 pts total) 25. Fill in the oxygen need, carbon source, energy source, and e- acceptor for each metabolism (6 pts) Metabolism Oxygen requirement Carbon source Energy source Electron acceptors Photoautotroph Chemoorganotroph Chemoorganotroph 26. List the domain for each microbial group (3 pts) Organism Domain Algae Cyanobacteria Methanogens Fungi Protozoa FirmicutesBIO 364 Spring 2007 Exam 1 Name____________________________ page 4 27. Fill in the information for each population growth pattern. Y-axis is ‘N’ and X-axis is time (t). (9 pts) Pattern Model type Growth type Generalized model formula Parameter definitions Discrete Continuous Continuous DEFNITIONS (2 pts each; 8 pts total) 28. Ecology 29. Practical species concept 30. Selection 31. BiogeographyBIO 364 Spring 2007 Exam 1 Name____________________________ page 5 SHORT ANSWER - Part 1. Use the diagrams provided to answer the following questions. (22 pts) 32. Examine the graph below and answer the questions that follow (4 pts). (A) Which of the above organisms (A, B, C, D, or E) would be classified as extremophiles? Identify the organisms (by letter) and the type of extremophile. Where are these organisms found in nature? (B) Which of the above organisms are you most likely to find in your backyard soil? 33. Based on what you know about the relationship between population growth rates and body size, identify the three groups of organisms A, B, and C. (3 pts) A.