Fly Inheritance and Statistical TestingYou have made a determination of what you think the pattern of inheritance might. From the previous homework assignments, you should be aware that in this case there are only three possibilities for gene combinations (and the subsequent inheritance method) for your particular line of white-eyed flies. You will test your data against all three of these potential models (only one of which will likely match what you think it should be!). This will ideally result in the rejection of two models and the non-rejection of the third, but you must report the results as they actually are. This means that you could end up rejecting all of the models, none of them, or a mix.Special case: For now, test a linked gene hypothesis as if there was 100% linkage (0% crossover rate). This does mean that a line of flies believed to have partial linkage may fail all tests. If so, that is consistent since it supports the hypothesis that it is neither unlinked nor 100% linked but somewhere between. However, if it passes one of the tests, you must report that outcome!2. 3. and 4. (6 points total) For each possible modes/models of inheritance (meaning you will do the following sets of steps three times. If you don’t know what the three modes are, check the lectures and previous homework assignments!):a. (0.5) Write out the informal (H0*) and formal (H0) null hypotheses and the informal (HA*) and formal (HA) alternative hypotheses. Keep in mind these four are specifically tailored for statistical testing.b. (0.5) Chart your data, showing observed and expected values for each used category (follow the example in appendix 2).d. (0.5) Interpret the results from the statistical test (like you did for question 4c of homework 6).5. (1) Describe your overall conclusion of the pattern of inheritance of your particular line of white-eyed fly mutants (note the special case above). How confident are you that your conclusion is accurate?Whatever results they get are fine. They may find that their results reject all the (null) hypotheses and so that they can’t make any conclusions about the pattern of inheritance yet. Confidence might relate to any anomalies in the data, the size of the Chi-square statistic, or other factors.Note that depending on the data and the test, that they can choose to combine fly sexes. They should be kept separate for testing white, but combining for scarlet/brown or cinnabar/brown is fine.Unknown fly line:Having practiced with the white eyed fly tests (and the PV92 test), you are now going to apply those techniques to determining the inheritance pattern of your second line of flies. This will largely be open-ended, but should follow the procedures done above.If you do not specifically know the abbreviations used to designate the mutated gene(s) in your line of flies (which is likely unless you went looking for them), clearly indicate what you will use as the abbreviation(s).6. and 7. (1.5 points each) Formally test the pattern of inheritance using statistical methods. You will do so by running at least two tests*; one will be for the pattern you suspect (what you estimated from question 4b from homework 6) while the second pattern can be one other pattern of your choosing*. You should show all the necessary steps as outlined above in question 1. Keep your work clearly labeled and organized so that it can be properly evaluated.*As noted in the special case of the white-eyed flies above, if you suspect linked traits, your two tests should be for a 100% linked pattern (i.e. no crossing over) and for an unlinked pattern.Name: ___________________________ Lab room, day, time: __________________TA name: _______________Fly Inheritance and Statistical TestingCombined data sets are posted in the DATA folder of Assignments on Blackboard. Make sure you use the data appropriate for your specific sets of flies (they are grouped byTA). The outcomes here are more varied so the questions are going to be more general. Be sure to show your work and clearly indicate your reasoning. Follow the examplesgiven in the statistics supplement. Note that for this assignment we want you to assume “simple” patterns. For linked gene models, assume crossing over happens equallyin males and females and either happens completely (50% rates, acting as unlinked) or not at all. The issues of partial crossover rates and how sex affects crossing over in Drosophila will be addressed in a later homework assignment.You will want to use combined data from all sections analyzing the same mutants. These are grouped by TA. You may need to tally the data across the related sections if it has not been done so already.1. From question 4 on homework 6, you made defensible determinations of the broad characteristics for your fly lines. Review the combined fly datasets. If you need to revise your initial assessment of you fly lines, do so since the remaining questions will use combined data. (0 points, no response required).White-eyed fly line:You have made a determination of what you think the pattern of inheritance might. From the previous homework assignments, you should be aware that in this case there are only three possibilities for gene combinations (and the subsequent inheritance method) for your particular line of white-eyed flies. You will test your data against all three of these potential models (only one of which will likely match what you think it should be!). This will ideally result in the rejection of two models and the non-rejection of the third, but you must report the results as they actually are. This means that you could end up rejecting all of the models, none of them, or a mix.Special case: For now, test a linked gene hypothesis as if there was 100% linkage (0% crossover rate). This does mean that a line of flies believed to have partial linkage may fail all tests. If so, that is consistent since it supports the hypothesis that it is neither unlinked nor 100% linked but somewhere between. However, if itpasses one of the tests, you must report that outcome!2. 3. and 4. (6 points total) For each possible modes/models of inheritance (meaning you will do the following sets of steps three times. If you don’t know what the three modes are, check the lectures and previous homework assignments!):a. (0.5) Write out the informal (H0*) and formal (H0) null hypotheses and the informal (HA*) and formal (HA) alternative hypotheses. Keep in mindthese four are specifically tailored for