GEOL 102 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. History of OceanographyA. Roman empire collapses B. Knowledge of Greek and roman world largely dies with Roman Empire in Middle Agesa. Middle Ages- Arabs become maritime tradersi. Trade with India and Southwest Asia for silks and spicesii. Become accomplished celestial II. Age of Discovery (1487-1522)A. Western European monarchs seek trade routes and richesa. Columbusb. Balboac. MagellanIII. England becomes ruler of the seasA. England defeats Spanish Armada in 1588a. English know that in order to project power around the world and maintain world trade, they need to understand the oceansIV. Advances in Scientific understandingA. Keepler (1571-1630) Planetary motionB. Galileo (1564-1642) Mass and accelerationC. Newton (1642-1721) Unifying law of gravityV. Cruise of the Challenger 1872-1876A. British ship circuit navigated the ocean B. Scientific research vessela. Nets collected organisms. Ect.b. Made 500 depth measurements of the oceana. Used cable and anchora. Problems such as reef and rope not being long enough occuredVI. Voyage of the Meteor (1925-1927) (between world war I and II) A. German shipB. First use of Sonara. Depth measured with travel time of sound b. Sound navigation rangingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Start of the re-arming for Germany after WWIVII. Sources of error with sonarA. Density -sound not consistent B. Timing VIII. Cork Concept Low density things float, high density things sinkOcean denser at the bottom so sound wave speeds upVIII. Glomar Challenger (1968-1983) A. USA Shipa. Drills hole in sea floor and returns sediment coresa. Look at chemistry of core to determine climate and ageVii. What is a scientist? A. Observes natural world, form hypothesis, experiment, collect data, analyze data, evaluate data and hypothesis, re-test, publish….uses scientific method B. Idea becomes a theory after test from many scientist reinforces ideaC. Dr. Carl Sagan a. The cosmos is, the cosmos was, and the cosmos is all there will ever