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OSU BA 352 - Effective Groups and Teamwork

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Different Types of TeamsSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Group Problem Solving TechniquesSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Chapter TenEffective Groups and Effective Groups and TeamworkTeamwork10-1aFundamentals of Group BehaviorFundamentals of Group Behavior•Formal and Informal Groups•Functions of Formal Groups•The Group Development Process•Group Member Roles•NormsTeams, Trust, and TeamworkTeams, Trust, and Teamwork•A Team is More Than Just a Group•Trust: A Key Ingredient in Teamwork•Self-Managed Teams•Virtual TeamsChapter Ten OutlineChapter Ten Outline10-1bThreats to Group and Team EffectivenessThreats to Group and Team Effectiveness•Groupthink•Social LoafingChapter Ten Outline Chapter Ten Outline (continued)(continued)10-2Table 10-1Organizational FunctionsOrganizational FunctionsIndividual FunctionsIndividual Functions1. Accomplish complex, interdependent tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals.2. Generate new or creative ideas and solutions.3. Coordinate interdepartmental efforts.4. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for complex problems requiring varied information and assessments.5. Implement complex decisions.6. Socialize and train newcomers.1. Satisfy the individual’s need for affiliation.2. Develop, enhance, and confirm the individual’s self-esteem and sense of identity.3. Give individuals an opportunity to test and share their perceptions of social reality.4. Reduce the individual’s anxieties and feelings of insecurity and powerless- ness.5. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for personal and interpersonal problems.Functions of Formal GroupsFunctions of Formal Groups10-3aFigure 10-1PerformingAdjourningNormingStormingFormingReturn toIndependenceDependence/interdependenceIndependenceTuckman’s Five-Stage TheoryTuckman’s Five-Stage Theoryof Group Developmentof Group Development10-3bFigure 10-1IndividualIssuesForming Storming Norming Performing“How do I fit in?”“What’s myrole here?”“What do theothers expectme to do?”“How can I bestperform my role?”GroupIssues“Why are we here?”“Why are wefighting overwho’s incharge and whodoes what?”“Can we agreeon roles andwork as a team?”“Can we do thejob properly?”Tuckman’s Five-Stage TheoryTuckman’s Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development (continued)of Group Development (continued)10-4aTable 10-2Task RolesTask RolesDescriptionDescriptionInitiatorInitiator Suggests new goals or ideasInformation seeker/giverInformation seeker/giver Clarifies key issuesOpinion seeker/giverOpinion seeker/giver Clarifies pertinent issuesElaborator Elaborator Promote greater understandingCoordinatorCoordinator Pulls together key ideas and suggestionsOrienterOrienter Keeps group headed toward its stated goal(s)EvaluatorEvaluator Tests group’s accomplishmentsEnergizerEnergizer Prods group to move along or to accomplish moreProcedural TechnicianProcedural Technician Performs routine dutiesRecorderRecorder Performs a “group memory” functionTask and Maintenance RolesTask and Maintenance Roles10-4bTable 10-2Maintenance RolesMaintenance Roles DescriptionDescriptionEncouragerEncourager Fosters group solidarityHarmonizerHarmonizer Mediates conflict through reconciliation or humorCompromiserCompromiser Helps resolve conflict by meeting others”half way”Gate KeeperGate Keeper Encourages all group members to participateStandard setterStandard setter Evaluates the quality of groupprocessesCommentatorCommentator Records comments on group processes/dynamicsFollowerFollower Serves as a passive audienceTask and Maintenance Roles (cont)Task and Maintenance Roles (cont)10-5Norm:Norm: “An attitude, opinion, feeling, or action -- shared by two or more people -- that guides their behavior.” Why Norms Are Enforced Why Norms Are Enforced •Help the group or organization survive•Clarify or simplify behavioral expectations•Help individuals avoid embarrassing situations•Clarify the group’s or organization’s central values and/or unique identity Social NormsSocial NormsThe Evolution of a TeamThe Evolution of a Team• A work group becomes a team when:• LeadershipLeadership becomes a shared activity.• AccountabilityAccountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective.• The group develops its own purposepurpose or mission.• Problem solvingProblem solving becomes a way of life, not a part-time activity.• EffectivenessEffectiveness is measured by the group’s collective outcomes and products.Team:Team: “A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.” 10-6TeamsTeamsDifferent Types of TeamsCross-functional teamsGrew out of TQM movement – improve processDifferent specialization that have an ownership of a process or issue being tackledVirtual teamsPhysically dispersed task group . . .Occur by default due to technology and organization response, e.g. outsourcingHow to Build TrustHow to Build Trust•CommunicationCommunication (keep everyone informed; give feedback; tell the truth).•SupportSupport (be available and approachable).•RespectRespect (delegate; be an active listener).•FairnessFairness (give credit where due; objectively evaluate performance).•PredictabilityPredictability (be consistent; keep your promises).•CompetenceCompetence (demonstrate good business sense and professionalism).Trust:Trust: “Reciprocal faith in others’ intentions and behavior.” 10-7TrustTrust10-8Percentage of Companies Saying Their Self-ManagingPercentage of Companies Saying Their Self-ManagingTeams Perform These Traditional Management Functions Teams Perform These Traditional Management Functions by Themselves.by Themselves.Schedule work assignments 67%Work with outside customers 67Conduct training 59Set production goals/quotas 56Work with suppliers/vendors 44Purchase equipment/services 43Develop budgets 39Do performance appraisals 36Hire co-workers 33Fire co-workers 14Source: Adapted from “1996 industry Report: What Self-Managing Teams Manage,” Training, October 1996, p. 69Survey Evidence: What Self-Survey Evidence: What Self-Managing Teams ManageManaging Teams Manage•InvulnerabilityInvulnerability•Inherent


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OSU BA 352 - Effective Groups and Teamwork

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