Are these physical activities?Showering: yesWalking to class: yesTexting a friend: yesYawning: no (because not voluntary)Running a 10K race: yesWatching TV: noSphere of Education- building blocks for developmental skills and sports skillsDevelopmental motor skillsSport skillsLearning skillsSocial interactionCharacter and discipline?Physical Education- not a new conceptA physically educated person:Demonstrates competency in many movement forms and proficiency in a few movement formsApplies movement concepts and principles to the learning and development of motor skillsParticipates regularly in physical activityUnderstands that physical activity provides opportunities for enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and social interactionDaily PE could help to slow the increase in childhood obesityAs people age, they stop being relatively activeSphere of HealthSphere of Self-SufficiencyPhysical activity and independence:Physical activity is necessary to care for oneselfActivities of daily living (ADLs)Personal care behavior such as bathing, dressing, eating, walking, etc.Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)Those needed to function independently in a communityMore complexLight housework, preparing meals, taking medications, groceries, telephone, etc.Causes of disabilities that limit self-sufficiencyMost common causes of disability in the US are depression, back pain, arthritis, and heart problems. Also accidents, aging, congenital disease, and lifestyle limit self-sufficiencyDifferentiate these activities:Showering: ADLCooking dinner: IADLPaying bills: IADLPutting on shoes: ADLRole of kinesiology:Enhance disabled people’s ability to functionPrevent or slow declines in their functionImprove quality of life among people with disabilitiesSphere of WorkAbout 2/3 of the adult population has a job that involves no activityActive work stations- fad or wave of the future?Sphere of LeisureLeisure time with physical activitySphere of CompetitionSports- activities that contain physical activity4 types of competition:Side-by-side: competing with someone without physical interaction; examples: swimming, racingFace-to-face Noncontact: examples are volleyball, baseball, softballFace-to-face Contact: examples are wrestling, football, basketballImpersonal: solo activity where you compete against yourselfSphere of Self-ExpressionGestures- movements of our hands, fingers, or other body parts used to communicate our intentions to other3 types of gestures:Emblems: body movements, usually hand movements, that can be directly translated into words and are easily understood by those in the culture or subculture in which they are usedIllustrators: gestures that we use to illustrate or complement what we are sayingRegulators: body movements used to guide the flow of conversationInstrumental movements- critical movements required to attain the goal of the activityExpressive movements- idiosyncratic movements that are not required for goal attainment but that express something about the individualLecture 5Chapter 3What is the importance of physical activity experiences?The Importance of Physical Activity ExperiencesActivity ExperienceTraining in, observation of, practice of, or participation in physical activity to increase one’s capacity for physical performanceDifferentiated from subjective physical activity experiences (reactions, feelings, and thoughts)Factors that influence our decision to engage in physical activity:Personal circumstancesGeographyLocal physical activity cultureEconomic ConsiderationsAs you increase the amount of money you make, you engage in more physical activityPersonal attributesSelf-perceptionsFeelingsCompetencySocial EnvironmentTypes and amounts of physical activity experiences you pursue, both as a child and as an adult, are influenced by people with whom you interact on a regular basisKey players:ParentsTeachers and coachesPeersPhysical Activity PreferencesReflect the uniqueness of the individualPhysical activity professionals need to pay attention to the people they are working with, especially their:NeedsDesiresPersonal attributesWhat are the types of physical activity experience? What is the relationship between performance experience and physical fitness?Nature of Improvement in Physical Activity depends on the types of physical activity experience:Skill, Practice, and LearningMotor skills: physical activities in which performers try to attain goals by executing efficient, coordinated motor responsesPractice: physical activity experience that involves cognitive processing and leads to skill improvementLearning: permanent alteration in the functioning of the nervous system that enables performers to achieve predetermined goals consistentlyPhysical Performance Capacity, Training, and ConditioningPhysical performance capacity: aspects of physical activity developed through trainingTraining: physical activity carried out for the purpose of conditioning one for performance in an athletic or other eventConditioning: temporary end state of training reflected in the performer’s possessing adequate strength, endurance, and flexibility to carry out desired tasksPerformance Experience and Physical FitnessA physically fit person:Can perform the essential activities of daily living at a high levelHas sufficient energy remaining to pursue an active leisure lifeCan meet unexpected physical demands that emergencies may imposeTypes:Motor performance fitness“The ability to perform daily activities with vigor” (Pate 1988)Health-related fitnessHaving developed, through physical activity experience, the traits and capacities normally associated with a healthy bodyComponents of physical fitness, tailoring activities, and task analysis.Components of Physical Fitness:Anaerobic powerSpeedMuscular strengthMuscular enduranceCardiorespiratory enduranceFlexibilityBody compositionAgilityTailoring ActivitiesCritical component: the aspect of an activity deemed most important for successfully performing that activityPrinciple of quality: experiences that engage us in the critical components of an activity are most likely to improve our capacity to perform that activityPrinciple of quantity: increasing the frequency of experiences that engage us in the critical components of a physical activity will lead to increases in our capacity to perform that activityTask AnalysisCritical for deciding how to design practice and training for maximal effectivenessThe systematic examination of a particular