chapter 03 True / False Questions 1. The most important advantage of transmission electron microscope (TEM) over light microscope (LM) is its higher resolution. True False 2. If a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain. True False 3. In the plasma membrane, glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm, while peripheral proteins always face toward the ECF. True False 4. A cell's second messengers serve to transport material through the plasma membrane. True False 5. Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure. True False 6. Ligand-gated channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical. True False 7. The greater the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate. True False 8. The Na+-K+ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier, which always requires energy. True False 9. The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT) is one example of an active transport process involving a uniport carrier. True False 10. One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by endothelial cells. True False 11. Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by two layers of unit membrane. True False 12. The nucleus is the largest organelle in most cells. True False 13. Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA. True False 14. The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes but not lysosomes. True False 15. A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion. True False Multiple Choice Questions 16. All of the generalizations below constitute the modern cell theory except A. an organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells. B. all cells come only from preexisting cells. C. all cells occupy space. D. all organisms are composed of cells and cell products. E. the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. 17. ________ cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end. A. Squamous B. Stellate C. Columnar D. Spheroid E. Fusiform 18. Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter. What limits how large a cell can be? A. a cell's lifespan B. nutrients available in the environment of a cell C. the relationship between its volume and length D. the relationship between its length and surface area E. the relationship between its volume and surface area 19. The fluid outside of a cell is called A. cytosol. B. intracellular fluid. C. extracellular fluid. D. cytoplasm. E. nucleoplasm. 20. The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are A. cuboidal. B. columnar. C. cylindrical. D. squamous. E. spherical. 21. Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of A. being able to produce photographs of the specimen. B. being able to work in a vacuum. C. being able to show individual molecules. D. producing higher resolution. E. working better with thinner tissue specimens. 22. ______ are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane. A. Glycolipids B. Phospholipids C. Prostaglandins D. Proteins E. Cholesterol molecules 23. _____ are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate. A. Receptors B. Enzymes C. Carriers D. Cell-identity markers E. Cell-adhesion molecules 24. A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. That is to say, the receptor exhibits A. selectivity. B. specificity. C. efficacy. D. saturation. E. fidelity. 25. In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called ______, whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them. A. transmembrane proteins B. peripheral proteins C. kinases D. glycocalyx E. blockers 26. Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are ________, while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are __________. A. hydrophilic; hydrophilic B. hydrophilic; hydrophobic C. hydrophobic; hydrophobic D. hydrophobic; hydrophilic E. lipophilic; lipophobic 27. Gates respond to all these stimuli except A. chemical messengers. B. ligands. C. changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane. D. physical deformation of the plasma membrane. E. water in the extracellular fluid. 28. ______ act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells. A. Glycoproteins B. Lipoproteins C. Cholesterol molecules D. Phospholipids E. Cell-adhesion molecules 29. ______ provide motility to a cell, ______ act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and ____________ increase a cell's surface area. A. Cilia; microvilli; flagella B. Microvilli; cilia; flagella C. Microvilli; flagella; cilia D. Flagella; microvilli; cilia E. Flagella; cilia; microvilli 30. Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has A. flagella. B. cilia. C. microvilli. D. a glycocalyx. E. dynein arms. 31. This figure shows the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent? A. a peripheral protein B. a channel protein C. a glycoprotein D. cholesterol E. a phospholipid 32. This figure shows the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent? A. a peripheral protein B. a channel protein C. a glycoprotein D. cholesterol E. a phospholipid 33. This figure shows the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent? A. a peripheral protein B. a channel protein C. a glycoprotein D. a phospholipid E. cholesterol 34. _____________