UT Arlington PSYC 3322 - chapter5 (44 pages)

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How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt Charles Scott Sherrington Synaptic delay A Chemical Message Otto Loewi 1921 Acetylcholine Epinephrine EP or adrenaline Norepinephrine NE or noradrenaline A Chemical Message Structure of Synapses Synaptic Vesicle Synaptic Cleft Chemical Synapse Presynaptic Membrane Postsynaptic Membrane Storage granule A Chemical Message Structure of Synapses Synaptic Vesicle Synaptic Cleft Chemical Synapse Presynaptic Membrane Postsynaptic Membrane Storage granule A Chemical Message Neurotransmission in Four Steps Step 1 Synthesis and Storage Synthesized in the Axon Terminal Synthesized in the Cell Body A Chemical Message Neurotransmission in Four Steps Step 2 Neurotransmitter Release calcium Ca2 calmodulin A Chemical Message Neurotransmission in Four Steps Step 3 ReceptorSite Activation TransmitterActivated Receptors A Chemical Message Neurotransmission in Four Steps Step 3 ReceptorSite Activation Autoreceptors Quantum pl quanta A Chemical Message Neurotransmission in Four Steps Step 4 Deactivation of the Neurotransmitter Diffusion Degradation Reuptake glial cells Fig 3 8 p 59 Varieties of Neurotransmitters About 50 different kinds have been identified Some are inhibitory at one location and excitatory at another More than one neurotransmitter may be active at a single synapse No simple one to one relationship between a single neurotransmitter and a single behavior Varieties of Neurotransmitters Four Criteria for Identifying Neurotransmitters Varieties of Neurotransmitters Three Classes of Neurotransmitters 1 Small molecule transmitters 2 Peptide transmitters 3 Transmitter gases Varieties of Neurotransmitters Three Classes of Neurotransmitters 1 Small Molecule Transmitters Class of quick acting neurotransmitters Synthesized from dietary nutrients and packaged ready for use in axon terminals Varieties of Neurotransmitters Three Classes of Neurotransmitters 1 Small Molecule Transmitters Examples Acetylcholine