HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture The Great War• War in Europe, beginning in 1914Shaky Alliances & the Catalyst for WarDevelopments in WarfareTrench Warfare combined with New TechnologySubmarine WarfareThe Sinking of the Lusitania• U.S. Neutrality, June 1914-April 1917Focus on Progressive Reforms at HomeDespite American Imperialism, United States still essentially IsolationistDifferent Reasons for IsolationismInterventionist MinorityPreparedness• The United States at War, April 1917-November 1918The Zimmerman Telegram & the Declaration of WarMobilizing the Home FrontSelective Service ActThe Committee on Public Information & Other New Federal AgenciesVolunteerismProgressives at WarPaying for the WarU.S. Military Involvement and the Allied Victory• An Uneasy PeaceWilson and the Fourteen PointsLegacies of the WarPOLITICS, CLASS, AND CULTURE IN THE LATE 1910S & 1920S ** I realize this is a long outline. We’re going to be discussing a lot of different things, so Iwanted to provide you all as much information as possible on the outline to help you followalong. I’m hoping to get through the entire first section, “The Home Front: At War and AfterWar.” We will most likely need to save the section on “The Roaring Twenties” for next Tuesday. I*think* that even if we need to save that section for next week, we’ll still be able to get throughnext week’s scheduled lectures.**The Home Front: At War and After War– Wartime Civil Liberties and the Red ScareEspionage and Sedition ActsCreation of Bureau of Investigation (becomes FBI)Eugene V. DebsSchenck v. United StatesMovement for 100% AmericanismLynching of Robert PragerAmerican Protective LeagueRepression of Radical Labor GroupsThe WobbliesThe Bolshevik Revolution and the Red ScareStrikes, Mail Bombings, and Deportation– Women Win the VoteNational American Woman Suffrage AssociationNational Woman’s Party19th Amendment– A Great War for Civil Rights?Race RiotsAfrican Americans in the Great WarThe Red SummerCivil Rights ActivismResponses: Revival of the KKK and Immigration RestrictionsThe Roaring Twenties– The Business of AmericaChanging Republican IdeasThe Auto Age– New Mass CultureCulture of ConsumptionMovies & Radio– Tradition vs. ModernityMovements to Reassert Traditional ValuesProhibitionChristian Fundamentalism & EvolutionDivisions in the Women’s MovementOutline of Current Lecture African Americans in the Great War (we did part of this last Thursday)The Red SummerCivil Rights ActivismResponses: Revival of the KKK and Immigration RestrictionsThe Roaring Twenties– The Business of AmericaChanging Republican IdeasThe Auto Age– New Mass CultureCulture of ConsumptionMovies & Radio– Tradition vs. ModernityMovements to Reassert Traditional ValuesProhibitionChristian Fundamentalism & EvolutionDivisions in the Women’s MovementTHE GREAT HUMANITARIAN AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION • Hoover and Republican Dominance in the 1920sEmphasis on Small GovernmentPeriodic Corruption Scandals• The Great HumanitarianHoover and Humanitarian AidGovernment Works for Business• Crash and Crisis• Hoover’s ResponseWho Did He Blame?What Did He Do? What Did He Not Do?• Depression and DesperationNational TrendsImpact on FamiliesResistanceRevolution?Current LecturePOLITICS, CLASS, AND CULTURE IN THE LATE 1910S & 1920S i) African Americans in the Great War (we did part of this last Thursday)(1) Harlem Hell Fighters- spent most time of any regiment among a foreign army(a) Were not allowed to participate in a farewell parade, due to color(b) But, upon return, they got their own coming home celebrationii) The Red Summer(1) Summer of 1919(2) Many race riots went on during this time(3) Named red after all the blood shed(4) Du Bois changes attitude “We return from fighting. We return fighting”iii) Civil Rights Activism(1) NAACP focuses campaign against lynching(a) Secret weapon- Walter White (light skinned, blue eyed African American)(i) Could go undercover in the south and provide eye witness accounts of racism, which could be publicized(ii) Could hear about impending attacks on blacks and could warn others to leave(b) Marcus Garvey- The universal Negro Improvement Association(i) Built mass movement that stressed cooperation among black communities among the US, Caribbean, and Africa. iv) Responses: Revival of the KKK and Immigration Restrictions(1) KKK(a) Started off small but in 1922, Hirm Evans becomes imperial wizard of clan and transforms Klan(b) Recruits and hires professional fundraisers (c) Main goal still white supremacy, but list of enemies had expanded to all non-whites (Jews and especially Catholics) (d) By 1924, had over 3 million followers(e) 1925 , head dragon in Indiana was convicted of man slaughter, losing Klan popularity(2) Immigration Restrictions(a) Immigration act of 1921- cut immigration to 1/3 of average number(b) Only 3% of a countries population would be allowed in (c) 1924- Johnson Reed Act- lowered immigration number again and cut down the quota to only 2%(i) Excluded any aliens that were ineligible for citizenship (Asians) (d) Reflected US desire to be a white, Anglo Saxon, protestant country2) The Roaring Twentiesa) The Business of Americai) Changing Republican Ideas(1)ii) The Auto Age(1) Made 85% of worlds passenger cars(2) Most productive industry(3) More than 30 million cars on road by 30s and half of Americans owned them(4) Overtook all other industries(5) Boosted real estate and construction(6) Small business (repair shops, gas station, etc) profited(7) Lead to consumer consumption(8) 1913- 13 hours to make car(9) 1925- 10 seconds(10) Henry Ford1. Shocks world with new wage scalea. Reduced turn overb. Boosted efficiency(11) Price drops several hundred dollars(12) General motors’ designs new payment system “installment plan”(a) Make a down payment then pay off rest of car through installment(13) Debt was still looked down upon, so ads are produced to encourage debt as a good thing and change imageb) New Mass Culturei) Culture of Consumption(1) Time period based on buying things(2) Most things bought on credit(a) Most went into debt(b) Practice became widely acceptableii) Movies & Radio(1) Produced commercials to encourage consumption(2) Studios expand from short films to longer and more expensive films(a) Silent films replaced by “talkies”(3) New studios based on industrialization(a) Shifted from art to business(4) Radio broadcasting(a) Radios produced