PSYC 100 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II. Intuitive Vs. Analytical Thinking III. Algorithm Vs. Heuristic Thinking a. Different types of heuristic thinking IV. Definition of operational V. What is naturalistic observation?Outline of Current Lecture VI. The definition of a survey VII. What is a correlation study? a. Definition of a correlation coefficient b. Definition of illusory correlation VIII.What is an experimental design?a. What it requires Current LectureVI. The definition of a survey A survey is the use of interviews or questionnaires. They require special considerations includingwording, sampling, and social desirability. Surveys also require random selection, which ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate. VII. What is a correlation study? A correlational study examines how variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them. It only attempts to see if variables are related to each other. It does not indicate if one causes the other. A correlation coefficient (“r”) is used to describe the strength of a correlation. The absolute value is always between 0 and 1. When r= 1 there is a positive correlation. When r= 0 there is no correlation and when r= -1 there is a negative correlation. An illusory correlation is the perception of a relationship where none exists. It is when you tend to notice two abnormal events occurring together, but fail to notice times when they do not. An example of this would be thinking that it always rains when you wash your car. These two things may appear to be related, but they are not. VIII. What is an experimental design? An experimental These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.design is the only thing that can determine causality. Case studies, correlational studies, and observations are not experiments because you cannot determine causation without use of any tools. An experimental design requires two key features, random assignment, and manipulation of a variable. Random assignment is used to sort people into control and experimental groups. It assures that there are no systematic differences. Manipulation of a variable is used for two or more groups. These groups are split off into control and experimental. In the control group the variable is unchanged. In the experimental group the independent variable is changed. The difference is created by the