PSYCH 2410 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Genetic and Environmental ForcesI. Genetic and Environmental ForcesII. Behavior and Genetic ResearchIII. Heritability EstimatesIV. The BrainOutline of Infant PerceptionI. Basic VisionII. Depth PerceptionIII. Intermodal Perception Infant PerceptionI. Basic Vision- Image of object is focused on fovea at center of the retina- Vision Limitations of infants1) “getting” the image- Babies’ don’t always converge on 1 object- Focusing response is slow and imprecise2) “reading” the image- Infants have a wide fovea littered with other cells- Cones are immature- Visual Acuity: sharpness of visual discriminationo Measured by smallest black and white stripes we can detect (infants stare at a picture with stripes longer than one without)o Adult eyesight=20/20; infant=20/600o By 4-5 years children are at adult’s eyesight level- Color Vision and Developmento Birth: shades of gray and whiteo By 3-4 months=adult-like- Object perceptiono Expected events: consistent with expectationo Unexpected events: inconsistent with expectation Happens about 4.5 months- Visual Recognitiono Can infants recognize stimuli after a delay? Familiarization trials on 6 month olds showed that even after a delay of time infants still prefer to look at new stimuli (faces, abstract patterns) Infants are born ready to learnII. Depth Perceptive - Binocular disparity: 2 eyes receive different imageso Takes infants 4 months to developThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Kinetic cues: direction and speed of apparent motions (objects closer seem to move faster than objects far away)o Developed at birth- Pictorial cues: cues artists use to create 3-D images o takes infants 7 months to developo Interposition: near objects occlude far objectso Relative size: closer objects appear larger- Fear of Heights Study by Camposo Inexperienced crawlers have depth perception, but NO fear of heightso Fear of heights is not innate and does not result from development of depth perceptiono Fear appears to develop as a result of experience with crawlingIII. Intermodal Perception- Social referencingo Young infants learn from mothers if something is safe or unsafe by Mom’s fear or joy- Matching sights and soundso If mom’s voice played, baby looked to picture of momo At four months babies can follow mouth movements and match them with soundo At four months infants can analyze temporal structure of sounds seen and heard By matching a soundtrack with a video of
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