GEOG 102 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Global patterns and local lives associated with:II. Economic GlobalizationIII. Free Trade, NAFTAIV. Migration from Middle and South America to North AmericaOutline of Current Lecture V. Middle and South America Physical PatternsA. LandformsB. ClimateVI. Human/Environment InteractionsCurrent Lecture Geographic Setting- Middle America- Mexico- Central America- Islands of the Carribean- South America- Continent south of Central AmericaLandformsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Wide range- Highlandso Continuous belt of mountains from Alaska to Tierra de Fuegoo Produced through plate tectonic activity/created mountain chainso High volcanic activity in Mid America and Carribean- Lowlandso Stretch from Western Mountains to the Atlantic Oceano Amazon Basins: Largest feature Drained by the Amazon river system  20% of the world’s fresh water World’s largest expanse of rainforest- Many climate zonesClimate- Enormous climate variety- Jungles of the Caribbean- Glaciers capped mountains in the Andes- Range of temperatures- Expanse of landmass- Variations in altitude- Patterns of precipitation- Influenced proximate oceans and their current- Peru Currento Brings cold surface waters. Air above is very dryo Peru current and Andes rain shadow= world’s driest desert: the Atacama of Northern Chile- The Andes effect on Precipitation:o Block trade winds raino Rain shadows western side of the Andes- Local shape of the land- Global patterns in wind currents and ocean currents- Temperature and Altitude Zones: Increase in Altitude= Decrease in Temperature- Tierra caliente (hotland) up to 3000f- Tierra teplada (temperate land) 3000f to 6500f- Tierra fria (cool land) 6500f to 12000f- Tierra helada (frozen land) Above 12000f- Trade winds- Sweep off the Atlantic, bring heavy seasonal rains- Pacific Winds- Bring seasonal rain to the west coast of Central America- Mountains block rain for the Caribbean side- El Nino- When the Peru Current changes direction every few years- Warm water flows eastward- Heavy rains to west coast- Also known as “Christ Child”- Has global effectsHuman Patterns Over time- 1492- 50-100 million indigenous people- High population densities- Advanced cities with sewer systems, fresh water aqueducts, eastern and stone ceremonials structure.- Aztec (highlands of Mexico)- High standard of living rivaled Europe- Urban water supply, and elaborate marketing systems- Shifing Cultivationo Small plots are cleared. Each plot is used for only 2-3 yrs and then abandonedfor forest regrowth.o Highly productive- Incas- Largest state in region- Clustered in the Andes Highlands- One of the most efficiently managed empires - Paved road systems, elaborate terrace and irrigation systems, and great stone cities- European Conquest - Rapidly altered landscape and culture- Killed millions of indigenous people through disease and slavery- Hispaniola (Columbus established)o 1st Spanish colony in