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UW-Madison SOCWORK 453 - Addiction Theory and Policies

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First assignment (eCHECKUP paper) due Thursday, September 25Academic integrity quiz due Thurs, Sept 18Addiction theory and policiesGoals:How we think about addiction drives our responses to itWhat drives your thinking about addictionGiven that we have our own thinking about addiction, that influences our behaviorPolicy makers, people who run congress, or make decisions, how they are thinking about addiction and how they derive our decisions and how big of an impact that makes on societyThis will hopefully help us think about what we think about addiction“Most policy decisions regarding drugs and alcohol over the past 50 years were made due to the political climate rather than because of scientific and social research” –Inaba and Cohen, 2011Decisions not based on facts, but based on our feelingsThis is good. Research is important too, but it is also important to consider what we do has a huge impact on individuals in societyIdentify one or two policies that you were aware of that aim to reduce substance use.In what ways are these policies good and bad?-Restricting age to drink to 21-drinking level of .08 or limits on how much you can drink when you operate a motor vehicle-also harder to measure drugs in the system, but if you are intoxicated you shouldn’t drive, you will be punished if you do and get caught-mandatory sentences for drug use and sometimes rehab class to try to get people not to use…could have mandatory rehab or education and they could be punished if they do not complete this-Supply Control, implement this through a number of means. Multiple policies fall into this. (less supply there is if demand remains stable, price goes up so less people can afford)Keeping prices high so it is hard to purchase drugs on a regular basisIllegal to send illegal drugs through the mail, transportation is much more expensive because of the risk involvedArrests more often for drug dealingFDA and DEA scheduled controlPrevention programs, UW-Madison has a policy that offers prevention. Now they make freshman take an alcohol class.Ways Policies are Bad:-Many people dealing drugs, probably do not have another source of income. Arrest person going to reduce employment opportunities later. Definitely a negative part of that policy-Rehab program cycle because it is a short term program, only thing is they don’t have a felony. If program is ineffective we are wasting money and time.-drinking age doesn’t stop drinking from happening. What evidence we have that’s ineffective? A lot of underage drinking tickets here. European countries don’t have as bad of drinking habits because they can drink at 18 and drink at dinner when younger and stuff. But what evidence exists that this evidence doesn’t work? Experiments some states lowered drinking age, drinking for younger people went way up. But who counts those numbers? If you ask people about illegal behavior they could lie.Good Policies:-Some diversion programs know that if you use or do something again you can get a mandatory sentence. In some ways good, if they reoffend they will be punished.Little clip of a movie: The House I Live InMandatory minimum sentences for drugsWhites use more powder cocaineBlacks use more crack cocaineMany people even judges question the disparity going on the criminal justice system now.Crack comes from powder you just add a baking soda water and heat. But it makes it so more blacks are arrested.Sentencing crack cocaine 100:1 is just not fair. They fall disproportionally on minority offenders.Interesting African Americans don’t use crack more than whites. But they are arrested more. 90% of crack users in the federal system are African American.What is the purpose of drug convictions, for possession?-Hope they won’t use it or attempt to sell it-Perhaps it will stop drug use and progression of drug use…-Deterring society as a whole, and deterring that specific user to not repeat his actions-Probably effective in reducing behaviorWhat does ratio mean:Showed graph of powder cocaine and then crack cocaine500 grams of powder, 5 grams of crack. Given amount you sell…sold 5 grams crack you would be punished for that much in terms of way more in powder cocaine. You are punished way more severely for crack cocaine than powder cocaine. Policing, way more likely to approach a black person than a white person.Crack is cheaper then powder.Poverty and cost. They cost very similar amount, way of packaged has to do with cost. Powder you usually buy in larger amounts “8 ball” crack you buy in one hit. You get high once. Sell a lot of small qualities of crack cocaine so it is cheaper.System that punishes users of crack cocaine more than powder cocaine. Differences in use patterns and differences in policing.Number of people who use are the same.Solution to remove this disparity?Either make sentencing the same or give judges back discretion-Obama legislation to reduce the disparity. Now it is 15:1 instead of 100:1 but not 1:1. This change happened last year. May have been more changes in 2014.Why did they do this?-Media sensationalized so people contacted legislatures and they did this…Cocaine drug used by whites, crack used by minorities on the street.-reason they add baking soda, water and heat make it rock form. Changes melting point so you can smoke it. Gets you higher much quicker then snorting something. Ratio really effects the dealers too. If a user caught with small amount on the street, that is a penalty, but if dealer is caught much higher penalty because way more.Marijuana arrest disparitiesData SourcesFBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program and U.S. Census annual county population estimates (year 2010)MeasureArrest rates per 100,000 peopleAnalysisComparison of arrest rates by race-police across the country participate in this. Very non-detailed account about arrests. All this data is available online. Looked at crime report statistics and U.S. Census annual populations. You can on a county level look at arrests rates per 100,000 people. This measurement means that if there are 100,000 you can expect 5 of them to be arrested if 5%.-Nationally they found that arrest rate for Blacks is 716 out of 100,000 verse 192 out of 100,000 to be arrested.In Wisconsin, Blacks are 5.98 times more likely to be arrested:Black arrest rate: 1,285 per 100,000 peopleWhite arrest rate: 215 per 100,000 peopleWisconsin is 5th worse state in terms of disparities.Madison there is 240,000 people. Let’s say 24 people were


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UW-Madison SOCWORK 453 - Addiction Theory and Policies

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