Phil 252 Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture II. Virtue Ethicsa.Negative Concern b.Positive ViewOutline of Current Lecture III. How to Conduct a Wara. Standards of Wari. Geneva Conventionb. Examples of philosophical war questionsc. Ways to justify actionsi. Doctrine of Double Effect d. Fighting Dirty Current LectureI. How to Conduct a Wara. Are there any standards on how to conduct a war? i. The Geneva Convention stated that we cannot mistreat prisoners and put some moral standards on war. However, some countries continue not to follow this contract. ii. Is it morally wrong or right to break the contract? What if the contract says it is wrong, but the action is necessary to win?1. There is no way to enforce morality, or the Geneva Contract, in war. There is no force big enough to hold all of the countries responsible to act morally. b. Example Topics:i. Terror bombing: Terror bombing does not go after military targets; it attacks civilians with the intent to scare the country into backing down. 1. USA bombing Japan in WW2 ii. Laying siege to a city: involves cutting off a city or towns resources in order to drain the military, however, civilians always suffer too. 1. Popular during Civil War times These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Dropping Napalm: poisons the crops and ruins the opponents food source/economy far longer than the war. 1. USA did this in Vietnam to the farms so that nothing would grow. iv. Biological Weapons: Is it okay to gas our enemies? v. Nuclear Weapons: Is it okay to use such destructive weapons against people?c. Ways to Justify our actions: i. Follow the Utilitarian View and say that the ends justify the means. 1. Saying it is okay to bomb a country as long as it will help your side win. ii. Follow a more Kantian View and say that there are some means that areabsolutely wrong. 1. This is called Deontology a. Deontology says that t is always wrong to kill innocent people. (It loosely follows the Catholic Theology and the 10 Commandments.)i. Doctrine of Double Effect: there are unintended consequences, with unintended side effects1. It is absolutely and always wrong to intentionally kill innocent people. 2. It is absolutely and always wrong to kill innocent people as a side effect.d. The Idea of Fighting dirtyi. One should never fight dirty: never direct one’s hostility or aggression atsomething other than its proper object.1. For war this means that hostility or aggression should be directed at its proper target. a. Taken to mean that morally you should not target innocent