CHEM 233EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE-Which is the stronger acid? H2SO4 or HNO3. H2SO4 has a pKa value of -5 and HNO3 has a pKa value of -1.3. ANSWER: Because the lower pKa means the stronger acid, H2SO4 would be the winner.-What is the Keq reaction formula?ANSWER: Keq= (Ka reactant acid)/(Ka product acid)-How does resonance relate to stability?ANSWER: The more resonance a compound has, the more stable it is.- What are the 5 factors that help stabilize the conjugate base?ANSWER: 1. Location on the periodic table (row/electronegativity)... 2. Location on the periodic table (column/size)… 3. Hybridization… 4. Inductive effects… 5. Resonance ability-What are the 5 classes of compounds and their symbols?ANSWER: -alkanes (symbol -R) -alkyl halide (symbol –X) -ether (symbol R-O-R) -alcohol (symbol –OH)-amine (symbol –NH2)-What is a cycloalkane and what is its formula?ANSWER: alkanes with carbon atoms arranged in a ring (CnH2n) -What are the ten names for a Carbon Structure depending on how many Carbons are present?ANSWER: 1 Carbon- methane2 Carbons- ethane3 Carbons- propane4 Carbons- butane5 Carbons- pentane6 Carbons- hexane7 Carbons- heptane8 Carbons- octane9 Carbons- nonane10 Carbons- decane-What are the condensed formulas and molecular formulas for structures with 1-10 carbons?1 Carbon- CH4, CH42 Carbons- CH3CH3, C2H63 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2, C3H84 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH3, C4H105 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, C5H126 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, C6H147 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, C7H168 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, C8H189 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, C9H2010 Carbons- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, C10H22-How many bonds does Carbon receive?ANSWER: 4!!! (very important)-What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?ANSWER: Ionic bonds are the transfer of electrons to maintain an octet while covalent bonds are thesharing of electrons to maintain an octet.-What is the equation to determine formal charge?ANSWER: column number-unpaired electrons-covalent bonds-How does length relate to the strength of bonds?ANSWER: the longer the bond, the weaker it is. The weaker the bond, the stronger the acid-Which is a stronger acid? HF or HBrANSWER: HBr-Where does induction occur?ANSWER: induction occurs in sigma bonds-How does resonance relate to stability?ANSWER: The more resonance a structure has, the more stable it is-pH and pKa realtions?If pKa>pH then it is acidic. If pKa<pH then it is basic.-What is the formula for an alkane?ANSWER: CnH2n+2-What are primary, secondary, and tertiary carbons?ANSWER: a primary carbon means it is only attached to one other carbon. Secondary carbon meansit’s only attached to two other carbons and a tertiary carbon means its attached to three other carbons.CHEM 233-What are the rules for naming alkanes?1. Determine the number of carbons in the longest continuous carbon chain 2. The name of an alkyl substituent on the parent chain is placed in front of the named parent chain along with a number designated where the substituent is attached 3. If more than one substituent is present, the chain is numbered in the direction that will produce a name containing the lowest possible numbers. The substituents are listed in ABC order. If two or more substituents are the same number, the prefixes “di” “tri” and “tetra” are used. These prefixes are NOT considered when listing substituents in ABC order.4. When numbering in either direction leads to the same lowest number for one of the substituents,the chain is numbered in the direction that gives the lowest possible number to one of the remaining substituents. 5. If the same substituent numbers are obtained in both directions, the first group cited receives the lower