BIOL-L 112 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. PolymersII. CarbohydratesA. MonosaccharidesB. Disaccharides C. Polysaccharides i. Glycogenii. Starchiii. CelluloseIII. LipidsA. Fatsi. Saturated Fatii. Unsaturated Fatiii. Trans FatB. PhospholipidsC. SteroidsOutline of Current Lecture I. ProteinsII. Amino AcidsA. Nonpolar Side ChainsB. Polar Side ChainsC. Electrically Charged Side ChainsCurrent LectureI. Proteins are defined as one or more polypeptides, which is a polymer of amino acids. Each polypeptide is folded into a specific and unique 3D shape that determines function.They have many different structures and functions.II. Amino acids are monomers that are covalently linked together through peptide bonds tomake polypeptides. These peptide bonds are formed through dehydration reactions. Amino acids are made of an asymmetric carbon that is attached to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R group). The amino and carboxyl groups are usually in their ionized forms at the pH of a cell. Amino acids are categorized into polar, nonpolar, or electrically charged by looking at their side chains. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic because they are made of hydrocarbons. When they are bonded, they form hydrophobic interactions.B. Polar side chains are hydrophilic and are able to form hydrogen bonds.C. Electrically charged side chains are hydrophilic and are able to form ionic and hydrogen bonds. They can be acidic or basic depending on if they are negatively or positively