Hands-on Networking FundamentalsFactors that Affect a Network DesignSlide 3Future GrowthSecurity ConsiderationsWAN ConnectivityLAN and WAN CostsUsing Structured WiringSlide 9Using Vertical Wiring and Structured NetworkingSlide 11Building Block Network DesignSlide 13Slide 14Needs AnalysisSlide 16Logical Network DesignDesigning Circuits and DevicesNetwork Design ToolsCost AssessmentRequest for ProposalHands-on Networking Fundamentals Chapter 10Basic Network DesignHands-on Networking Fundamentals 2Factors that Affect a Network Design•Planning should precede equipment purchase•Nine factors to consider –Purpose of the network–Anticipated network traffic–Redundancy requirements–User movement–Future growth–Security considerations–WAN connectivity–LAN and WAN costs–Existing network topology and resourcesHands-on Networking Fundamentals 3Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 4Future Growth•Successful networks have growth potential•Scalable networks extend original investment•Several ways to accommodate growth–Select 100BaseTX network if goal is 1000BaseTX•Converts to 1000BaseTX better than 16 Mbps token ring–Design networks around modern routers and switches•Avoid use of older devices, such as bridges and hubs –Install cable of Category 5e or better in cable network–Employ standardized technology in wireless networks•Example: use 802.11 devices without proprietary add-onsHands-on Networking Fundamentals 5Security Considerations•Security vital in office and home networks•Levels of protection vary with network•Examples of security level need by company type –High: payroll-processing company –Moderate: provider of a public database of health statisticsHands-on Networking Fundamentals 6WAN Connectivity•Varies with design of LANs•Consider how LAN and WAN will interoperate•Basic WAN connectivity need–LAN requires DSL or ISDN lines to connect to Internet•Complex WAN connectivity based on various needs–Satellite communications for overseas connections–Frame relay to join LANs in neighboring states–T-3 lines for universal access to a Web site used to market productsHands-on Networking Fundamentals 7LAN and WAN Costs•Important factors in any LAN or WAN project•Are constrained by budget or specific allocation•Are projected using itemized list–Communications cable (for a cabled network)–Network devices–Additional computers and printers required for network–Network management/analysis software and hardware–Installation–Training–Vendor consulting–WAN service or leasing feesHands-on Networking Fundamentals 8Using Structured Wiring•Cable fans out as horizontal star from central location •Details of central location –May be telecommunications room or wiring closet–Contains one or more switches or routers •Requirements of structured wiring–Flexible cabling, such as twisted pair–Wiring nodes into a physical star–Adherence to standards for horizontal wiring•Defined by EIA/TIA-568-A or EIA/TIA-568-B–Centralizing the cable plant in switches or routersHands-on Networking Fundamentals 9Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 10Using Vertical Wiring and Structured Networking•Vertical wiring (riser cable)–Cabling and network equipment used between floors–Ties horizontal cables on floors to form logical backbone•Principles to follow–Deploy an extended star topology between devices•Daisy-chain wiring closets between floors •Use with redundant backplanes and power supplies–Use high-speed cable (multimode fiber-optic cable)•Not susceptible to EMI and RFI•Reduces congestion on backbone–Adhere to standards for vertical or backbone cabling•Follow EIA/TIA-568-A or EIA/TIA-568-BHands-on Networking Fundamentals 11Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 12Building Block Network Design•While some organizations still use the traditional approach, many others use a simpler approach to network design, the building block approach.•This approach involves three phases: needs analysis, technology design, and cost assessment.•The process of cycling through all three design phases is repeated until a final design is decided on.Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 13Building Block Network DesignHands-on Networking Fundamentals 14Reaching a Final Network DesignHands-on Networking Fundamentals 15Needs Analysis•The first step is to analyze the needs of network users along with the requirements of network applications.•LAN design issues include improving performance, upgrading or replacing unreliable or aging equipment, or standardizing network components to simplify network management.•At the MAN/WAN level, circuits are leased and upgrades involve determining if capacity increases are needed.•The object of needs analysis is to produce a logical network design, which describes what network elements will be needed to meet the organization’s needs.Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 16Geographic ScopeHands-on Networking Fundamentals 17Logical Network DesignHands-on Networking Fundamentals 18Designing Circuits and Devices•Two inter-related decisions in designing network circuits and devices are:–Deciding on the fundamental technology and protocols–Choosing the capacity each circuit will operate at•Capacity planning means estimating the size and type of the “standard” and “advanced” network circuits for each type of network. •This requires some assessment of the current and future circuit loading in terms of average vs. peak circuit traffic.Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 19Network Design Tools•Some modeling tools require the user to create the network map from scratch. Other tools can “discover” the existing network.•Once the map is complete, the next step is to add information about the expected network traffic and see if the network can support the level of traffic that is expected. This may be accomplished through simulation models. •Once simulation is complete, the user can examine the results to see the estimated response times and throughput.Hands-on Networking Fundamentals 20Cost Assessment•To assess the costs of various network alternatives produced as part of technology design. Costs to consider include:–Circuit costs for both leased circuits and cabling.–Internetworking devices such as switches and routers.–Hardware costs including servers, memory, & NICs.–Software costs for operating systems, application software and middleware.–Network management costs including