FW104 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureII. Wildlife Values and PrinciplesA. Social ProcessesB. Determine Wise Use & Seek to Attain Wise Use By SecuringC. Wildlife Values a. Aesthetic b. Economical a. Economic Sourcesb. National and Local Economiesc. Cultural d. Societal e. Science f. Recreational g. Negativeh. Ecological i. Education j. EthicalD. Conservation Funding Services Outline of Current Lecture I. Biology BackgroundA. DNAB. VariationII. Why Sex?III. Speciation Current LectureI. Biology BackgroundA. DNA- DNA founded by Watson and Crick showed G,A,C,T molecules called bases in a double helix, 3 base pairs forms a codon just like a word in a sentence- Genes: like sentences of codons that spell out how to construct proteins which produce traits (Example of a trait is eye color)- Use chromosomes in which different species have different numbers of pairs- Locus: position of gene sequence on a chromosomeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Diploid organisms: pairs of chromosomes- Alleles: different versions of same genes and code for different versions of the sametrait (Example of an allele is blue eyes)- Homozygous: carrier of two of the same alleles- Heterozygous: carrier of two different alleles- Genotype: individual’s genetic blueprint- Phenotype: outward appearanceB. Variation- Mutation is the original source of genetic variation, change is sequence of DNA- Evolution: change in genetic composition of a population over time (change in allelefrequency) can lead to new species if isolated. - Natural Selection: environmental factors favor particular inherited traits, critical in understand and manage populations, idea propose by Charles Darwin. - ^ Natural Selection is caused by genetic variation, over reproduction of offspring, struggle for existence, and differential survival/reproduction.- doing research, do ANYTHING to have little impact on a species and/or environment- Not all phenotypes blend well with the environment and not all of the young survive II. Why Sex? - Sex shares mutations with offspring and creates new allele combinations - Sexual reproduction randomly creates new genotypes which may be less well adapted - Asexual reproduction keeps successful genotypes intact - Sexual reproduction takes a lot of time and energy - The Red Queen Hypothesis states that organisms must evolve to keep up with the kjdlkfenvironment and survive. - Huge loss when give up ½ of your genes in reproduction then have it be gone the next nkknlgeneration. - Sex causes mutations which is a change in the genetic sequence of a single base unit in kmkljDNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger pieces of genes or kkllkkchromosomes. - Artificial selection is breeding with others for a particular trait - Genetic Drift: random change in an allele frequency in small or reduced populations - Inbreeding: mating between relativesIII. Speciation - New species are often produced when environments change significantly - Evolution occurs at the level of population due to isolated species and small