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UT Knoxville PHIL 244 - Quiz 2 Review

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PHIL-244Professional ResponsibilityQuiz 2 Review QuestionsYour second quiz (on 10/15/13) shall cover chapters 3-4 of the textbook as well as the related material that was covered in class. The quiz shall consist of three kinds of questions: (1) true or false, (2) multiple choice, and (3) short answer. The quiz questions shall be drawn from the questions below.Chapter 3: Professional Duties, Client’s Rights1. What’s the difference between the descriptive and ethical models of the professional-client relationship (as discussed by Michael Bayles)?2. What does Bayles think is the central issue in the professional-client relationship?a. Clients depend on the professional to give them ideas and plan to give consent on.The clients are not competent or specialized enough to make these decisions on their own. They have the final say, but are dependent on the professional.3. What does it mean for a teacher to play the role of an advocate in the classroom? Give an example.a. A teacher to express his/her own views in the classroom that may elicit students’ agreement. A teacher talking about religious views and therefore and child agreeing with them.4. Why shouldn’t a teacher play the role of an advocate in the classroom (according to Joel Kupperman or as you see it)? What are some of the benefits of teaching students independent thinking?a. The students are exposed to a variety of perspectives on controversial issues. The students go through a phase where they believe the conflicting perspectives are equally true. They can also become opinionated in their point of view although not thoughtful enough about his/her position and does not fully hear anything that represents a different outlook. Independent thinkers are much more likely to do well academically. They become very good at balancing and comparing points of view without at the same time committing much to a personal and independent approach.5. What are some of the possible negative effects of a teacher’s not advocating a position in the classroom?a. The student would not be able to see how someone comes to the views they do although they may not meet their own.6. What are the different ways that a teacher can undermine students’ autonomy in the classroom?a. Autonomy can be undermined by coercion and manipulation7. According to John Davis, what conditions must be satisfied in order for a doctor to be morally permitted to refuse to treat his/her patient?a. If you’re not this patient’s doctor, you need not do anything for this patient.b. If this patient is the patient of some other doctor, you have no right to interfere with what they do, unless what they do is sufficiently wrong.1c. Therefore, in any case where premises 1 and 2 are met (and their exceptions are not met), you do not have to provide the requested procedure, but you may not stop the patient from getting that procedure elsewhere.d. Therefore, if you can transform your existing relationship with a patient into a sufficiently close approximation of what would have happened had that patient gone to some other doctor, then you do not have to provide the procedure, but youmay not stop the patient from getting the procedure done elsewhere.8. What are some examples in medicine of when it would be morally permissible for a medical practitioner to refuse treatment of his/her patient/s?a. Abortion, futile treatment requests, 60-year-old would-be mothers, assisting an AIDS patient’s suicide.9. What example/s can you think of in your future profession where refusing to work on an assignment, project, etc. is morally permissible?a. If a corporation I am working for is doing something that I believe hurts others and I do not support their stand.10. What are some of the main arguments in favor of a pharmacist’s right to refuse to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception (as discussed by Cantor and Baum or as you see it)?a. Pharmacists have the right to exercise personal judgment in refusing to fill certainmedications.b. Society does not require professionals to abandon their morals.c. The right to refuse to participate in acts that conflict with personal ethical, moral, or religious convictions is accepted as an essential element of a democratic society.11. What are some of the main arguments against a pharmacist’s right to refuse to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception (as discussed by Cantor and Baum or as you see it)?a. Professionals are expected to exercise special skill and care to place the interests of their clients above their own immediate interests.b. Whether one believes that pregnancy begins with fertilization or implantation, emergency contraception cannot fit squarely within the concept of abortion because one cannot be sure that conception has occurred.c. Religious/Moral freedom right should yield when it hinders a patient’s ability to obtain timely medical treatment.12. What are the three possible responses to the problem of whether a pharmacist has a moralright to refuse to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception?a. Absolute right to object, no right to object, limited right to object13. What practical suggestions do Cantor and Baum make to address the problem of a pharmacist’s conscientious refusal to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception?a. Physicians should teach patients about this option before the need arises since patients may understand their choices better when they are not under stress. b. Physicians should discuss emergency contraception during office visits, offer prescriptions in advance of need, and provide education through pamphlets or the internet.14. What’s the doctrine of informed consent?a.215. Why do some people find the doctrine of informed consent problematic? What two important values in patient care seem inherently incompatible with each other?a.16. What are the two main approaches to informed consent?a.17. What’s the difference between lying, deception, withholding information, and concealing information?a.18. What’s the basic idea behind the principle of caveat emptor?a. Buyer beware. It is also the consumer’s responsibility to be aware of the products and risks that come with what they buy.19. What minimal moral duties does Thomas Carson say that salespeople have regarding the disclosure of information when dealing with rational adult customers? How are these duties “prima facie” duties?a.20. How does the golden rule apply to Carson’s theory about the ethics of sales?a.


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