Biology 140 Spring 2012 – RoweExam 3 Study GuideChapter 91. How does ATP work?2. Energy released during ATP hydrolysis is transferred to a protein during phosphorylation.3. Know the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.4. What are redox reactions? What is meant by oxidation? Reduction?5. What is cellular respiration? 6. What organelle is responsible for cell respiration? 7. What is the equation for cellular respiration? How many net ATP molecules can be produced by respiration?8. Cellular respiration can be broken down into 4 stages. What are they? What are their differences/similarities? Where does each stage occur? Have the overall concept of each stage committed to memory! Yes, I know there is a ton of stuff. 9. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Oxidative phosphorylation?10. What is feedback inhibition?11. What are electron acceptors? In cell respiration, what is the terminal electronacceptor?12. Summarize glucose oxidation.13. What is ATP synthase?14. What is meant by aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration?15. Which stage of respiration generates the most ATP? How much?16. Know the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.17. What is fermentation? Is more energy produced in fermentation or respiration?18. What are the two different fermentation pathways?19. What is metabolism? Know the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions.Chapter 101. What is photosynthesis? What organelles are responsible for photosynthesis?What is the equation for photosynthesis?2. What are some differences between photosynthesis and cell respiration?3. What are the two stages involved in photosynthesis?4. What are the different chloroplast pigments?5. What is a photon?6. How does wavelength correspond to energy?7. What’s the difference between an absorption spectrum and an action spectrum?8. What is fluorescence?9. What is a photosystem?10. What is chemiosmosis?111. Oxygenic vs. anoxygenic photosynthesis.12. What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?13. How are gases exchanged in a plant?14. What are C3, C4, and CAM plants?Chapter 111. What are the 2 types of cell division? What is cytokinesis?2. Mitosis vs. Meiosis3. What is a chromosome? What is a gene?4. At what stage is the chromosome replicated?5. Know the differences between a sister chromatid and homologous chromosomes. What is the purpose of a centromere?6. What is the cell cycle? Know the stages of the cell cycle.7. What is the outcome of mitosis?8. What are the stages of mitosis? Briefly describe what is going on in each of those stages.9. What is the mitotic spindle? What is a kinetochore? 10. What is the cleavage furrow? How is that different from a cell plate?11. Do bacteria undergo cytokinesis? If not, then what is this division called?12. How is the cell cycle controlled? What would be a negative affect of lack of control?13. What is MPF and how is it activated? Deactivated?14. What are the different checkpoints of the cell cycle? What is needed to pass those checkpoints?15. Know the difference between benign and malignant.Chapter 121. What is meiosis? What is the outcome of meiosis? Is it the same as mitosis?2. What is a gamete? What is fertilization? What is a zygote?3. What is a karyotype? How many sex chromosomes do we have? How many autosomes do we have? Don’t get confused on pair and actual numbers.4. What are homologous chromosomes? Are they the same as sister chromatids?5. Know the terms diploid and haploid.6. How many cell divisions occur in meiosis? What’s going on in each of these division?7. What is crossing over and where does it occur?8. Know slide 38 like the back of your hand!9. Asexual vs. sexual reproduction.10. What is a non-disjunction? Can this occur at multiple locations? Can they occur in sex chromosomes as well as autosomes?11. Independent assortment and genetic recombination produces variation.12. What are some advantages and disadvantage of sexual reproduction?**This study guide should only be used as a template. It is not meant to be used as the sole study aid for your