UT Knoxville CHEM 120 - Chapter 1 Lecture Outline (10 pages)

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1 Chapter 1 Lecture Outline Chem 120 Chemistry study of matter and changes matter undergoes CHEMISTRY MATTER AND MEASUREMENT 1 Chemistry is the study of Composition Structure Properties Matter anything that occupies space and has mass Atoms smallest building blocks of matter Molecules two or more atoms combined MATTER CLASSIFICATIONS Substance uniform composition stays the same Element cannot be decomposed into simpler substances that are made of the same kind of atom Compound composed of two or more different elements Mixture combination of two or more substances Homogeneous Mixture uniform throughout solution alloys 2 Heterogeneous Mixture different composition throughout sand and water Types of Properties Physical Properties are displayed by a sample of matter without changing identity or composition of a substance Examples boiling point melting point density Chemical Properties are displayed by a sample of matter as it undergoes a change in Composition a substance is changed into another substance Examples flammability corrosiveness reactivity with acid Instensive Properties independentbof amount of substance present Density boiling point Extensive Properties depend on amount of substance Mass volume Physical Changes changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance Chemical Change the matter undergoes a change in composition a new substance 3 Separation of Mixtures 1 4 Distillation uses differences in the boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components In filtration solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions Chromatography is a technique that separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS Metric System powers of 10 Units larger or smaller than the base unit are expressed by the use of a LENGTH base unit 1 meter inches Prefix Length unit Equivalent to 1 m has 4 Kilo k deci d centi milli micro nano VOLUME base unit 1 Liter quarts MASS base unit