1 Biology 130, Fall 2012: 1st Exam An exam is an opportunity where your preparation meets my challenge INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Print your name and your lab instructors name on the scan form. 2. You may use your notes, the textbook, Google for all that – but YOU ARE TO WORK ON THE EXAM ON YOUR OWN. 3. Carefully read and think about each question and the selection of answers. 4. Select the best answer from those provided and mark the appropriate location on the scan form, using a #2 pencil only. If you must erase, erase cleanly. 5. Due in class Thursday, September 20. 1. Which of the following statements is not inductively derived? A. Mosquitos are more abundant in humid environments than in arid environments. B. Mosquitos are more abundant in humi d environments than in arid environments because mosquitos lack waterproof exoskeletons and desiccate quickly in arid environments. C. If there is no standing surface water in my back yard then mosquitos will not be able to reproduce in my back yard. D. Mosquito bites itch. E. All of the above are inductive statements. “C” is really a deductive syllogism, but induction is implicit in it, in that there is the hypothesis of a causative relationship between standing water and mosquito reproduction. 2. Which of the following statements is the best prediction based on the hypothesis that native bird species diversity is higher in urban and suburban areas where native plants are grown than in urban and suburban areas where most of the landscaping is with non‐native plants? A. Native birds will prefer to eat native plants. B. Native plants will attract native insect species which the native bird species have evolved to eat. C. It will be easier for native birds to build nests in native plants than in non‐native plants. D. If landscapes planted with mostly non‐native plants are converted to landscapes with mostly native plant species, native bird species diversity will increase. E. A and B above are both good predictions from the hypothesis. Native birds may (or may not) prefer to eat native plants, or native insects that eat native plants, and they may or may not be better able to build nests in native plants – but those are predictions that go beyond the scope of the hypothesis. 3. Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is provided by: A. the cell theory, which states that the cell is the basic unit of life. B. the fact that all new cells come from previously existing cells. C. the fact that cells are the building blocks of the most complex plants. D. basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry. E. the fact that cells are the smallest units that can carry out all life activities. 4. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration both begin with ; however they differ in the metabolic fate of ; they also differ in . A. glucose; glucose; net energy yield B. glycolysis; pyruvate; net energy yield C. glucose; pyruvate; electron transport structures D. glycolysis; pyruvate; electron transport structures E. glucose; acetyl CoA; oxalyoacetate regeneration in the citric acid cycle. 2 5. As best we can tell, there are very few anaerobic multicelled o rganisms. Which of the following would you predict as characteristics of these organisms? A. They are very small. B. They reproduce rapidly. C. They don’t move around very much. D. A and B above. E. A and C above. 6. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through A. the exchange of genetic information between male and female gametes during meiosis I. B. the random separation of homologous chromosomes. C. the union of male and female gametes. D. crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization. E. random assortment of male and female chromosomes. “D” is more complete than “B”: “D” contains “B” 7. In cocker spaniels, black color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S ) is dominant over spotted (s). If the genes are unlinked and the offspring of BBss and bbss individuals are mated with each other, what fraction of their offspring will be black and spotted? A. 1⁄16 B. 9⁄16 C. 1⁄9 D. 3⁄16 E. 3⁄4 BBss X bbss – All progeny Bbss. Bbss X Bbss – Expect 3/4 B__ss and 1/4 bbss 8. Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in children of European descent. A couple has already had 3 girls with cystic fibrosis, and were hoping to have a normal child for their fourth. What are the chances that the fourth child will be a normal female? A. 0 B. 1/8 C. 1/4 D. 3/8