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TAMU SOCI 205 - Modern Theoretical Approaches
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SOCI 205 1nd Edition Lecture 2&3Outline of Last Lecture II. Defining SociologyIII. Developing a Sociological PerspectiveIV. Ethics in ResearchV. Early TheoristsVI. Neglected FoundersOutline of Current Lecture II. Modern Theoretical ApproachesIII. Is Sociology a Science?IV. Understanding Cause and EffectV. TopHat QuestionsCurrent LectureII. Modern Theoretical Approachesa. Symbolic Interactionismi. Exchange of symbols through social interactionii. George Herbert Mead1. One’s sense of self develops through interactions with others2. Interactions with others teach individuals how to act, what to say, and what to thinka. Example: MacLeod’s Ain’t No Makin’ Itb. Functionalismi. Society is made up of parts that carry out functions that contribute to the whole ii. Order is the normal state of society1. When something is wrong, society tries to react to maintain order.Similar to how your body maintains order with reactions such as sweating, goose bumps, etc.iii. A consensus is the foundation of social orderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Conflicti. Resources (e.g. wealth, power) unevenly distributedii. Society is divided in terms of class (economic) or status (e.g. race, gender,religion)iii. The divisions into these groups or classes that lead to conflictsIII. Is Sociology a Science? a. Guided by a theoretical approachi. Functionalism, Conflict, Symbolic Interactionism 1. Make anomalies the focus for researchb. Sociological research is scientific researchi. Based on empirical investigation (in facts, info gathered systematically)IV. Understanding Cause and Effecta. Correlation: simultaneous variation in two variableb. Causation: change in one factor results in change in anotherc. Example Questions:i. Deaths by drowning and ice cream sales are positively correlated1. Is this a correlation or causation?2. What else might be a cause of these outcomes? The season: Summer means more swimming which means high chance of drowning, but summer also means high heat which means higher purchases of ice cream. d. Durkheim’s Study on Suicide (Caused by religion or correlated?)i. Variation in suicide rates by religion1. Highest with protestantsa. Not very closely related with their fellow followers2. Lowest with jewsa. Much closer relationships3. Catholics (in between)a. More of a connection than protestants but less than Jewsii. Durkheim’s Argument1. Degree of isolation (anomie) – sense of despair or aimlessnessiii. Criticism1. How is suicide recorded? a. Common for a Catholic priest to not record suicides which made the study of suicide in the past difficult because the data was inaccurate.e. Controlsi. Helps us screen out other influences (e.g. music, television, drama, etc.)f. Independent variablei. (Ice cream ex): the season ii. Produces an effect on the other variableg. Dependent variablei. (Ice Cream ex): deaths by drowningii. Affected by the independent variableiii. The variable we are trying to understandV. Research Methodsa. Triangulation: Using more than 1 method to answer a question. [to continue next Lecture]VI. TopHat Question Answersa. Sociology is a science unlike the natural sciences because we, as researches, are apart of what we study; whereas, in natural sciences, researchers are studying bugs, earth, etc., which are separate from


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TAMU SOCI 205 - Modern Theoretical Approaches

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