Leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the US440,000 deaths annually in the US (cardiovascular)12million a year of diseases related to smoking5million years of potential life lost annually.Tobacco use is the second major cause of disease in the world.In 2005, 71.9 million Americans smoked cigarettes29% of the US population age 12 and older report current use of tobacco productmales are more likely than females to report tobacco usehistory of tobacco useMayans: tobacco smoke as “divine incense”thought it would bring rain in the dry seasonTurkey, Russia, China in 1600s-death penalty for smokingTurkey: poets vs. priestsPoets “Artistic people” considered it to be one of the 4 elements of pleasureOpiumCoffeeWineTobaccoPriests violently opposed smokingFrance: Louis XIII vs. Louis XIVXIV didn’t like smoking but let it happen because of the money, and politics.Nicholas Monardes: infallible curePope Urban VII: excommunication for tobacco users.History in AmericaVirginia and Nicotiana tabacumSmoother type of tobacco, less harsh on the lungsChewing and snuffing predominated until the turn of the 20th centauryFlue-curingPick it, hang it upside downModern government regulations1964-the advisory committee to the US surgeon general reported that cigarette smoking is related to lung cancer1970-warning on cigarette labelsmaster settlement agreement (1998)limitations on advertisingban on cartoon characters in advertisingban on “branded” merchandiselimitations on sponsoring od sporting eventsdisbanding of tobacco trade organizationsfunds designated to support anti smoking measures and research to reduce youth smoking.Pharmacology of nicotineColorless, odorless, tastelessHighly volatile liquid alkaloidWhen smoked, nicotine enters the longs and is then absorbed into the blood streamWhen chewed or dipped, nicotine is absorbed through the mucous lining of the mouth.60mg is a fatal dose of nicotineamount of tobacco absorbed depends onexact composition of tobaccohow densely the tobacco is packed in the cigarettewhether a filter is used and characteristics of that filterthe volume of smoke inhaledhow long you hold the smoke inthe number of cigarettes smokedphysiological effectsstimulates central dopamine releasestimulates cardiovascular systemstimulates and then inhibits salivary and bronchial secretionsincreases respirationinhibits feelings of hungerother effects of nicotinehas been used as an insecticide and at higher concentrations can be extremely toxic.Symptoms of nicotine poisoningSweating, vomiting, mental confusion, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing.Respiratory failureCigar and pipe smoking cause cancer of the mouth, larynx, and esophagusMortality ratesTobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the USMore deaths are caused by smoking than HIV, illegal drug use, murders, alcohol use, suicides, and car accident injuries combined.1997-2001 deaths attributable to cigarette smoking123,800 lung cancer17, 400 CVA86, 800 to coronary heart disease90, 600 to chronic lung disease34, 700 to other cancers84, 600 to other diagnosesover 5million years of potential life is lost every year to tobacco products.­Sidestream smoke, another name for second hand smokeHas the highest concentration of CO, nicotine, and ammoniaPassive smoking, nonsmokers inhalation of tobacco smoke11/08/2012Leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the US-440,000 deaths annually in the US (cardiovascular)-12million a year of diseases related to smoking-5million years of potential life lost annually.Tobacco use is the second major cause of disease in the world.In 2005, 71.9 million Americans smoked cigarettes29% of the US population age 12 and older report current use of tobacco productmales are more likely than females to report tobacco usehistory of tobacco use-Mayans: tobacco smoke as “divine incense”othought it would bring rain in the dry season-Turkey, Russia, China in 1600s-death penalty for smoking-Turkey: poets vs. priestsoPoets “Artistic people” considered it to be one of the 4 elements of pleasureOpiumCoffeeWineTobaccooPriests violently opposed smoking-France: Louis XIII vs. Louis XIVoXIV didn’t like smoking but let it happen because of the money, and politics. -Nicholas Monardes: infallible cure-Pope Urban VII: excommunication for tobacco users.History in AmericaVirginia and Nicotiana tabacum-Smoother type of tobacco, less harsh on the lungsChewing and snuffing predominated until the turn of the 20th centauryFlue-curing-Pick it, hang it upside down Modern government regulations-1964-the advisory committee to the US surgeon general reported that cigarette smoking is related to lung cancer-1970-warning on cigarette labels master settlement agreement (1998)-limitations on advertising-ban on cartoon characters in advertising-ban on “branded” merchandise-limitations on sponsoring od sporting events-disbanding of tobacco trade organizations-funds designated to support anti smoking measures and research toreduce youth smoking. Pharmacology of nicotine-Colorless, odorless, tasteless-Highly volatile liquid alkaloid-When smoked, nicotine enters the longs and is then absorbed into the blood stream-When chewed or dipped, nicotine is absorbed through the mucous lining of the mouth. -60mg is a fatal dose of nicotine amount of tobacco absorbed depends on-exact composition of tobacco-how densely the tobacco is packed in the cigarette-whether a filter is used and characteristics of that filter-the volume of smoke inhaledohow long you hold the smoke in-the number of cigarettes smoked physiological effects-stimulates central dopamine release-stimulates cardiovascular system-stimulates and then inhibits salivary and bronchial secretions-increases respiration-inhibits feelings of hunger other effects of nicotine-has been used as an insecticide and at higher concentrations can beextremely toxic.-Symptoms of nicotine poisoningoSweating, vomiting, mental confusion, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing.oRespiratory failure Cigar and pipe smoking cause cancer of the mouth, larynx, and esophagus Mortality rates-Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the US-More deaths are caused by smoking than HIV, illegal drug use, murders, alcohol use, suicides, and car accident injuries combined. 1997-2001