BICH 411 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Important TermsII. Basic bioenergetics conceptsCurrent LectureMetabolism is the entire network of reactions. It degrades macromolecules to use for various functions. Metabolites are the resulting intermediates and products of the metabolic reactions. Intermediary Metabolism is the set of reactions that specifically uses SMALL molecule metabolites.Catabolism – breaks down molecules, releasing energy in the processAnabolism – builds molecules, using energy to do soAmphibolic has both anabolic and catabolic reactions. (example: Krebs Cycle)Homeostasis – maintains (regulates) conditions despite outside factors (regulation ≠ control!) [control is when WE make the changes]Basic bioenergetics concepts:All living organisms are open systems, which means matter and energy enter and exit freely.Thermodynamics – the study of energy and the transformations it enduresLaws of thermodynamics:1st law – Energy is neither created nor destroyed (conserved). ΔH=ΔG + TΔS(H = enthalpy, or total energy. G=free energy, or useful energy. S = entropy, or unavailableenergy).*state functions are independent of path. Gibb’s free energy is a state function.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1 Joule = 0.24 calories = mechanical equivalent to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius2nd law – The entropy of the universe is always increasing-ΔG sign indicates whether it will proceed in the forward or reverse direction. (-ΔG is forward direction, spontaneous. +ΔG is reverse direction.)-ΔG° represents the free energy under standard conditions: 298 K, 1 atm, 1M of each reactant and product (if a biochemical reaction, ΔG°’, it’s also at pH=7 and water concentration of 55.5 M)ΔG’= ΔG°’+RTlnKeq’(R is the gas constant: 8.314 J/molK)At equilibrium, ΔG°’=(-)RTlnKeq’Compare fermentation of glucose, which has a ΔG°’=-56 kcal/mol, with complete oxidation of glucose, which has a ΔG°’=-686 kcal/mol. Which is more
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