MICROB 2300 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Current Lecture I. Cell Wall Structurea. Prokaryotic Cell Wallb. Cell Wall Typesc. Outer Membraned. Periplasmic Spacee. Internal Structurei. Cytoplasmic Membraneii. Cytoplasmiii. EndosporesII. Antimicrobial Agentsa. Mechanismsb. Ideal Agentsc. Overview of Antibiotics as Therapeutic Agentsd. Mechanisms of Resistancee. Therapeutic IndexCurrent LectureThick cell wall causes cells to retain dye (gram-positive) Cell Wall Structure These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Prokaryotic Cell Wall-Provides structure and shape and protects cell from osmotic forces-Assists some cells in attaching to other cells or in eluding antimicrobial drugs-Absent in animal cells-Target of important antibiotics-Use what inhibits animals to make cell wall on bacteria to prevent them from having cell wall Bacterial Cell Wall-Most have peptidoglycan (Sugar & peptide)-Polysaccharide polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)oAutomating polymer, nag nam nag nam nag nam-Not found in Mycoplasma speciesoThey don't have a cell wall-Only bacteria known not to-Two basic types: Gram+ and Gram---Not talking about teichoic acids-Endotoxin-toxic component within cell wall--Due to thin extra layer (peptidoglycan), it has to get molecules through the inner membrane-Gram-negatives are more complicated- --Like a deck of cards-It's as though the first card was stapled to the second, second to third, and so on-Each chain is bolted to the next Cross-link gives rigidityAntiphagocytic-give bacteria protection from being eaten by WBCMitogenic-allows cells to dividePyrogenic-deals with tempPeriplasmic space-liquid Portions are proteins in outer membrane that allows the needed materials to come throughLPS-virulence factorCytoplasmic mem-inner, lipid richO-could be a ton of sugar units hooked togetherO157 is the 157th type of O antigenSalmonella has over 2,000 typesCauses toxic shock if released in membrane Space between membranes is actually metabolizing proteins & enzymes that shuffle & process moleculesGram-positive-no periplasm because no outer membraneGrey not covered Plasmid-small circular piece of DNA not in chromosome. They independent & antibiotic resistant(Only be asked about what we talked about) S-how it moves in gradient, spedburg units of buoyancyAntibiotic usually natural Selectively