Phil 252 Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of UtilitarianismII. Kaunt’s ViewIII. Humanity Formula of the Categorical Imperativea. Definitionb. Weakness of the theoryOutline of Current Lecture II. Virtue Ethicsa.Negative Concern b.Positive ViewCurrent LectureI. Virtue Ethics (Aristotle)a. Negative concern: Morality is not really about principals, actions and wrong and right. i. Less about rules and more about being a specific sort of person. 1. Role Model = Jesus ii. You follow a higher moral law, even though there are not written, explainable rules. 1. In theory this higher moral law was given to us by God, or for those who do not believe in God: People say that the theory wascreated by those in power (the rich and prosperous) as a way to protect themselves and their possessions, and as a way to control the poor masses. These people explain that God came into play because the rich rules told the poor people that God had made these higher moral law rules so they must follow them. b. Positive View: Don’t necessarily worry about following one of the other Moral Theories, just worry about being virtuous and a good person. i. Virtues are character traits such as courage, generosity and kindness. 1. Aspects of Virtues: in order to actually be a virtuous person one must….These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. “What one does”-You must act out the virtue; walk the walk essentially. (Example: You are not a generous person if you don’t donate money to the poor.)b. “From a Settled Disposition”- You must be motivated by the virtue itself. (Example: You are not generous for helping a lady cross the street if you are helping her in order to rob her on the other end.)c. “In the Right Circumstances”- Sometimes it is not appropriate to follow/act out a specific virtue. (Example: do not be generous and give your hunting knife to a murderer.) i. There is no defined list of when it is and isn’t appropriate to be a virtuous person, it is a call that you must personally make based off of that higher moral code. ii. The ultimate aim of life is to live life as a happy, virtuous