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TAMU POLS 207 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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As resources become more abundant, and society becomes more civilized, government moves closer and closer to socialism. It works much better under these circumstances.Healthcare is a promotion of equality.Free market system does not allow for child labor laws etc.Hong Kong is the freest market system is the world – owned by Communist China.Economic & Political systems have to be separated – Communism = POLITICAL. Capitalism = ECONOMIC.US is ranked 6th in the free market economy ranking.SOCIALISMCAPITALISMFORLabor in a market system becomes less and less valuable as it becomes more productive.It maximizes economic growth and promotes freedom of individual wealth.AGAINSTWhen everything is divided equally there is no incentive for individual wealth.It leaves less intellectually and socially privileged without means for quality of life.Political Ideology(2 Dimensional)Liberal ConservativeFreedom (A) -------------------------------- Order (T)(Civil Liberties) (Restrict Behavior)Equality ---------------------------------- Efficiency(Social welfare programs) (Free Market)It is often the case that the dimensions are not consistent with one another.In other words if a person values social freedom they will not necessarily value equality also.Liberal ----------------------------------------- ConservativeEquality + Efficiency -Freedom - Order ++ = Add regulation by government.- = Takes away regulation by government.Neither ideology believes in total regulation or total freedom.Belief in Freedom & Efficiency is Libertarianism.Belief in Equality & Order is Populism.ConservativeHigh value for social order and economic efficiencyGovt. power must be used to regulate individual choices.Oppose use of government power to regulate economy.Economic inequality is the natural consequence of human ability and energy.They see the need to use government power to guide and limit human behavior in the realm of morals but oppose the use of government to restrict human behavior in the economic realmLiberalHigh value for social freedom and economic equalityValue private property and market and willing to support govt. intervention to promote individual welfare and regulate the economyLibertarianHigh value for social freedom and economic efficiency (minimal government involvement in all aspects of life)Emphasize the autonomy of the individual and minimal role of govt.—individual should be free from government restraint in both economic and non economic spheres (NOT ANARCHY as may be perceived. They believe in minimal intervention of government, not a society without government)PopulistFavor government intervention in the economy to benefit the average or little guy.Populists are not anti capitalists. They accept most of the assumptions of liberalism especially emphasizing individualism, equality of opportunity and property rights. Populists support the use of government power to regulate individual behavior so that it conforms to traditional moral and social values. (NOT TOTALITARIAN for the same reason that libertarians are not anarchists)If ideologies held true then Republicans should control all state legislatures but this does not happen. Democrats control 49% of the Texas House in 2009. Political ideology and the parties are not perfectly matched. People don’t always vote along ideological lines, they often have a party they identify with.The more you earn the more you pay.Wealthy pay higher % of income than poor pay.Does not mean that people will work less – because not everyone works for the money they earn. Professors don’t earn a lot compared to their education level.Poor pay higher % of income than wealthy pay.All flat taxes are regressive.More income a state gets from sales tax the less it gets from income tax.R =.60 = high end of moderate relationship.Higher the personal income, the higher the state and local taxes.R = .68.POLS 207 1st EditionExam 2 Study Guide: Lectures 6-10Lecture 6Politics Among the StatesState political cultures, with a focus on Texas, and how this affects policy decisions.Political Culture:Different states have different cultures and this affects the policies that citizens want and the policies that states enforce.Useful concept because it focuses on state history and the development of important factors influencing politics and policy.The Concept of Political Culture:- Political culture is a shared framework of values, beliefs, and habits in regard to government and politics.INDIVIDUALISTIC POLITICAL CULTURE:- Approach to government and politics that emphasizes private initiative with minimum government interference.- Stresses the importance of the INDIVIDUAL and PRIVATE initiative. - Government is limited to protecting individual rightso Ensuring political and social relationships are based upon merit rather than traditions, family ties, or personal connections.MORALISTIC POLITICAL CULTURE:- Approach to government and politics in which people expect government to intervene in the social and economic affairs of the state, promoting the public welfare and advancing the public good.- Participation in politics is your civic duty!o If you want government help – you have to be part of the system.TRADITIONALIST POLITICAL CULTURE:- Approach to government and politics that sees the role of government as the preservationof tradition and the existing social order.o RESISTANCE TO CHANGE.- Government in the hands of the social elite.o Ordinary citizens are relatively low participants.Texas Political Cultureo Texas Political Culture is distinctive for a variety of reasons: Great size and relative isolation until 20th century.- NO INTERFERENCE. Status as an independent Republic before joining the Union.- PATRIOTISM. Mixture of Old South and being West of the frontier.- INDIVIDUALISM.o However, Texas political culture is increasingly being altered by the rise in minorities – currently the dominant Anglo-majority shapes the culture.Based on Daniel Elazar’s definitions of political culture;- Texas stands on the midpoint between Traditionalist and Individualist political culture.- TRADITIONAL:o Long history of one party rule (From Democratic to now Republican)o Low levels of turnouto Social and Economic conservatism- INDIVIDUALISTIC:o Strong support for private businesso Opposition to big governmento Faith in individual initiativesPurposes of GovernmentWhat role should the government play in supporting society?1. Maintain Order2. Provide


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TAMU POLS 207 - Exam 2 Study Guide

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