PSY 1000 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to classOutline of Current Lecture II. How to Study Psychologya. Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review (SQ3R) III. History of Psychologya. Important Peopleb. TheoriesIV. 3 Forces of PsychologyCurrent LectureMain Questions: What is psychology? What are the origins of psychology? What are the major early schools of psychology? What are the major contemporary perspectives in psychology? What are the various specialties in psychology?How to study Psychology:- Survey- Look over what you are about to read to get an idea by seeing the Headings and Sections you are about to cover.- Question- Have questions in mind and look for the answers in the text.- Read- Look for the questions you have asked as you are reading the text (some questions are in the margins of the book already).- Rehearse- Recall what you have read and test yourself with quizzes (which are also in the book).- Review- Look over the text and notes to gain an understanding for the main idea.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.History of Psychology:Psychology: the scientific behavior and mental process.- Greek Roots- Psyche, meaning “mind” and Logos, meaning “study” or “knowledge”- Behavior: anything and organism does- Mental Process: our private experiencesWhy is psychology scientific?- Psychology is an empirical subject. Evidence can be measured which is valued over tradition.Beginning of Psychology:- Aristotle (300 BCE): o First to have ideas about how the body and mind work. o His idea was that the soul and body are not separate. o He believed a person’s personality came from the heart. o Used the method of making guesses.- Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)o Carefully made observationso German scientisto Graduated from medical school specializing in physiologyo First experiment was in 1879- Leipzig, Germany Measured the lag between people hearing a sound through headphones and there body responding to the sound (pressing a telegraph key)o Used introspection: reporting on sensations and other elements of experience (looking inward)o Structuralism: using introspective reports to build a view of the mind’s structure. This idea is unreliable due to the lack of recorded experiences as they are experimented.- Edward Titchener (1867-1927)o Student of Wundto Brought psychology methods and teachings to the US.- William James (1842-1910)o Developed functionalism: the idea that Psychological processes have a function: helping us survive as individuals and adapt as species.o Wrote first psychology textbook in 1890o First American psychologisto Mentored Mary Calkins- Mary Whilton Calkins (1863-1930)o Studied memoryo First female president of APAo Denied a Harvard PhD because of her gender.o Offered a degree by Radclliff College but declined the offer. She did not want to receive a degree she did not earn. o Taught at Wellesley College (1891-1929).- Margarete Floy Washburn (1871-1939)o First female to ear a Psychology PhDo Second female APA presidento Author of The Animal of Mind- JB Watson (1920s)o Founder of Behaviorismo Experimented with conditioned responses- BF Skinner (1920s)o Studied the way consequences shape behavioro Behavior is shaped by one’s environment- Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)o Fascinated by the illusion of movement by objects in the distanceo Founded Gestalt psychology studies the way the brain organizes and structures our perceptions of the world in terms of meaningful patterns or wholes. Ex. Dots creating an image.- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)o Founder of psychoanalysiso Austrian physiciano Studied and helped people with a variety of mental disorderso Relied on case study methodo Focused on unconscious mindo Emphasized importance of early childhood experiencesTheories:3 Forces:- Behaviorism- Psychoanalytical Theory- Humanismo Dissatisfaction with behavioral & psychoanalytic movementso Focused on human characteristicso Studied people who were thriving rather than those who had psychological problems.o Developed theories and treatments to help people to feel accepted and to reach their full potential.o Personal growth through empathy, unconditional positive regardPerspectives:- Physiological (Neuroscience): biological study of the mind, based on how you feel, thinks, and what you do.- Behavioral Perspective: See behaviorism- Psychodynamic Perspective: belief that people (babies) are born with bad indecent thoughts and continue bad things due to childhood issues. Impulses are made unconsciously.- Humanistic Perspective: Human characteristics and his or her choices.- Cognitive Perspective: ability for people to solve problems- Sociocultural Perspective: shaping of behavior based of culture, lifestyle, gender, and ethnicity.- Bio-psycho-social: Best kind of perspective; a combination of all perspectives.Specialties in Psychology:Psychologist Ph.D.; M.A., M.S. Extensive research  May have testing background Diagnose & treat people experiencing behavior and emotional problemsPsychiatrist M.D. concentration in psychiatry Write prescriptions Diagnose & treat people experiencing behavior and emotional