CHEM 480 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Internal Energy, UII. Constant Volume ChangesIII. Constant Volume CapacityIV. Constant Pressure ChangesV. EnthalpyVI. Constant Pressure CapcityVII. Cp vs. CvVIII. CalorimetryIX. Physical ChangesOutline of Current Lecture I. Guest Lecturer Current LectureI. Guest Lecturera. Question: How much work-type energy is required for you to lift your 4.0 lb textbook a height of 1.0 foot, in Joules?i. The force is mg where the local (close to earth) gravitational constant is g = 9.8 m/sec2 ii. Work-type energy is force times distanceiii.Joules4.5secmkg4.5energy)]ft1m0.305ft)(1[(]secm8.9[)]lb2.2kg)(lb0.4[(]h][g][m[energy222b. Estimate the number of times you must carry out this book-lifting exercise to use up the calories consumed from one regular-sized candy bar (250 nutritional caloriesi. One nutritional calorie (denoted by ncal) = 1 kcal = 4.184 kJThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. !liftsbook 190,000ncal250ncalkcal)kcalkJ184.4)(kJJ10(J4.5liftbook#3c. Is this estimated number of book lifts a minimum or a maximum?i. You will have to expend work-type energy (given human anatomy) in repeatedly lowering the book to its original position. The number of booklifts is a maximum.ii. Some of the candy bar energy will go into heat as no biological process is truly efficient, although evolution has tried to make it so. The number of book lifts is a maximum.d. Estimate the number of candy bars required for you to hike up the “Alum Cave” Trail at Mount Le Contei. Must have the heightii. Trail is 5.5 miles with net climb = 2,560 ftiii. 1 mile = 5280 ftiv.11ft2560ft29,00011miles0.48miles5.5:ratioscheckft29,000)mileft5280miles)((5.5 traveleddistancemiles5.5 traveleddistancemiles0.48)ft5280mileft)((2560climbedheightv. Your mass = 60 kgvi.barscandy0.44kJ))(460kJ4.184kcal)(kcal250barcandy(#kJ460secmkg460,000)ftm0.305ft)()(2560secm9.8kg)((60mgh222vii.barscandy5.0kJ))(5200kJ4.184kcal)(kcal250barcandy(#kJ5200secmkg5.2x10)ftm0.305ft)()(29,000secm9.8kg)((60mgh2262e. What is the molecular mechanism by which humans carry out physical work?i. Skeletal muscle functionii. See video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ct8AbZn_A8Aiii. Net players: myosin pulls on filaments made of actiniv. Each molecular pull requires expenditure of the energy contained in one ATP molecule 1. Myosins comprise a family of ATP dependent motor proteins2. Skeletal muscle actin filaments are composed of G-actin subunitsv. What does ATPase mean?1. “ase” means enzyme action resulting in the cleavage of a chemicalbond. In this context, ATP is cleaved by hydrolysis, by the “ATPase”domain of skeletal muscle