AN_SCI 3212 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. No previous lectureOutline of Current Lecture II. Life RequirementsA. Plants B. Animals/HumansIII. Why is it Important for YOU to Know Something About Nutrition?IV. What is a Nutrient?V. Categories of Nutrients in Foods/Feedstuffs That are Organic…VI. What do Animal Nutritionist Do?Current LectureNutrition is the science of what life needs to consume in order to live…“Life eats life to live.”- Every morsel of food we eat was once alive, eating and getting eaten is the cycle of life.Life’s Requirements…- Plants need…o Water o Energy – Sunlighto Nitrogen (nitrate or NH3)o Inorganic elementsPlants possess all the enzymes/pathways necessary to convert the carbon in CO2 into thecomplex compounds (e.g. proteins, fat, sugars, DNA) needed for life to exist.In contrast, animals/humans are less capable metabolically speaking. They cannot produce as many complex compounds as plants, and must rely on eating plants (or These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.animals) to obtain these essential factors (i.e. “nutrients”)- Animals/Humanso Water o Energy (CHO and lipids)o Nitrogen (in the form of essential amino acids)o Inorganic elementso Vitaminso Essential fatty acidsHow do animals/people figure out what to eat or what to feed animals?o Trial-and-erroro Watching otherso Google ito Take “Principles of Nutrition”What constitutes the perfect diet?- How about cannibalism?o Well we have all the right nutrients that we need…o Lack of oxygen, water, food in that order = deatho Self-cannibalism is a natural occurrence when the body consumes dead cells lining the GI tracto Observed among some animals… Cricket eating its own wings Rat snakes found/observed consuming itselfThe MediaWe are bombarded with messages regarding how to feed ourselves and our pets (& livestock).This class will provide you an opportunity to learn how to better navigate this marketplace of ideas where lots of misinformation and half-truths exist.Why is it important for YOU to know something about nutrition?- For your future careers with domestic livestock or companion animals…o Farm profitability, because feed costs make up ~70% of animal production costso Most companion & zoo animals as well as monogastric livestock depend entirely on humans for most if not all of their food- For yourself – nutrient affectso Your health and higher lifeWhat is a nutrient?Definition…“those specific elements or compounds that can be digested, absorbed and metabolized to support life”Six major nutrient categories…- Carbohydrates- Fats (lipids)o Unique to animals- Proteins- Vitamins - Minerals o Unique to animals- WaterOnly a few minerals are dietary essential nutrients…- Only a small number of the elements on the periodic table are dietary nutrients Categories of nutrients in foods/feedstuffs that are organic…Compounds that contain 1 or more carbonsOnly way animals and humans can derive energy is carbon-based metabolism- Metabolic Oxidation- The goal is to metabolize these down to CO2 which plants will use to build it back up by harnessing the suns energy to make complex organic compounds- Carbohydrates (CHO)o Simple sugars (mono, di, poly)o Fibrous polysaccharides- Lipids (fats)o Triglycerides & Phospholipidso Essential fatty acidso Sterols (e.g. Cholesterol)- Proteins (& other nitrogen containing compounds)o Essential and non-essential amino acidso Nucleic acids, urea, etc.- VitaminsWhat do animal nutritionists do?- Match information on feed nutrient composition, animal nutrient requirements, and considers numerous variables (see below) and adjusts nutrients provided to those needed.- Variables that impact feed nutritional values:o Genetics, geographic locale, weather, milling/storage- Variables that impact an animals nutrient requirements:o Age, gestation/lactation, breed, stressNutritionists need to be good detectives and part-time toxicologists!- Why?...Some minerals/elements in high doses are